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The Revolutionary Wave: France's Role in the American Revolution and its Internal Reformation

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This overview explores France's significant influence in the American Revolution, highlighting the covert support provided through Spain and the challenges faced. The Treaty of Alliance in 1778 marked a turning point in French involvement, which, while attempting to recover lost colonies, laid the groundwork for internal dissatisfaction leading to the French Revolution. The struggle between reform and anti-reformers culminated in the storming of the Bastille and the establishment of the National Assembly. This period of upheaval redefined French society, advocating for equality, individual rights, and a new political structure.

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The Revolutionary Wave: France's Role in the American Revolution and its Internal Reformation

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  1. France • Seen as Enlightenment Spirit • Volunteers La Fayette • Opportunity to mess with france, recover colonies by backing a proxy opponent • First covert aid- France sold Million pounds worth of munitions through proxy Spanish company to US • Helped save Washington in 1776-7

  2. Problems with direct entry • Treaty of Alliance, Feb 6 1778 • End of 1777 France supporting in Navy, Spain, and Dutch supporting undercover • 1779 Spain, 1780 Dutch openly in war • West Indies as battleground, attempted invasion of Jamaica turned away in Battle of Saintes in 1782

  3. Sept 1783 Treaty of Paris ended the revolutionary war • France imperial overstretch • Britain imperial overstretch • American Revolution a direct cause of French Revolution • Eventual revolution in New Spain • Use of colonials in all areas

  4. 1789 French revolution • Americans wanted independence from British imperial rule, but not British law, keep British culture, etc • French want a new society, new social, political, and cultural structures

  5. Three estates • 100,000 Roman Catholic clergy • 400,000 nobles • 24 million serfs and peasants + middle class merchants • Vote by estate, not by individuals. • May 1789 called into session • Reform versus anti-reformers

  6. Over taxes and reforms • 17 June 1789 Third Estate proclaims a National Assembly • 14 July 1789 Storm the Bastille, insurrection • Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen August 1789 • Equality • Sovereignty in the people • Individual rights to liberty, property, and security

  7. Reconfiguring French Society • 1789-1791 • No more fees and labor services • Church role changed • Constitution

  8. Radical turn • April 1792 war on Austria and Prussia • 1793 Britain, Spain, and the Netherlands • 1793 The Convention • Leevee’ en masse • Red Scare • 1793-4

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