1 / 38

Chapter Eleven

Chapter Eleven. Addressing Terrorism, Street Gangs, and Drugs. Terrorism. FBI defines terrorism as the “unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives”.

aletta
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter Eleven

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter Eleven Addressing Terrorism, Street Gangs, and Drugs

  2. Terrorism • FBI defines terrorism as the “unlawful use of force against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives”

  3. Terrorism Three categories • Foreign sponsors of international terrorism • Formalized terrorist groups • Loosely affiliated international radical extremists

  4. Terrorism • Police find themselves vulnerable in six types of situations • Traffic stops • Residence visits • Rallies/marches • Confrontations/standoffs • Revenge and retaliation • Incident responses

  5. Terrorism • Bioterrorism • Four major aspects involved in dealing with terrorist organizations • Gathering raw intelligence on the organization’s structure, its members, and its plans • Determining what measures can be taken to counter or thwart terrorist activities

  6. Terrorism • Assessing how the damage caused by terrorists can be minimized through rapid response and containment • Apprehending and convicting individual terrorists and dismantling their organization

  7. Terrorism • Military support of law enforcement • Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 • National Incident Management System • Provide a consistent nationwide approach for governments to work together

  8. Terrorism • Incident Command System • Five major functions • Command • Operations • Planning • Logistics • Finance/administration

  9. Terrorism • Multiagency Coordination Systems • Combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications • May contain emergency response centers (EOCs) • Incident command post (ICP)

  10. Terrorism Preparedness Divided into six areas • Plans • Training • Exercises • Personnel qualifications and certification

  11. Terrorism • Equipment acquisition and certification • Mutual aid USA PATRIOT Act • Expanded the federal government’s ability to investigate Americans without establishing probable cause and to conduct searches

  12. Terrorism • Reauthorized in 2006, providing additional tools for protecting mass transportation systems, seaports, combating meth epidemic, and creating a National Security Division at the Department of Justice • “roving wiretap” and “sneak and peek”

  13. Terrorism • Military Commissions Act of 2006 • Try unlawful enemy combatants • Authorized to sentence defendants to death • Defendants are prevented from invoking the Geneva Convention as a source of rights

  14. Terrorism • Provision stripping detainees of the right to file habeas corpus petitions • Allows hearsay evidence • Allows CIA to continue questioning key terrorist leaders and operatives

  15. COPPS and Homeland Defense Numerous community information sources • Business owners • Transportation centers and tourist attractions • Sellers of licenses and permits • Delivery services

  16. COPPS and Homeland Defense • Colleges and universities • Real estate agents • Storage unit managers • Hotel clerks and security officers • COPPS should play a central role in the defense of our homeland

  17. Street Gangs Gangs are comprised of three types of persons • Hardcores • Associates • Peripherals • Most females fall into the last category • Join the gang by committing a crime or undergoing an initiation procedure

  18. Street Gangs • U. S. Justice Department estimates: • There are more that 16,000 gangs and over 500,000 gang members • 47.8% are African-American • 42.7% are Hispanic • 5.2% Asians

  19. Street Gangs • Research indicates: • The most typical age range has been approximately 14 to 24 • Some as young as 10 years of age • Several generations in the same family who are gang members

  20. Crips, Bloods, MS-13, and Public Enemy No. 1 • Crips began in Los Angeles in 1969 • Address each other as “cuzz” • Crips graffiti can be identified by the symbol “B/K” that stands for “Blood Killers” • Bloods reported to have formed in and near Compton, California, as a means of protection against the Crips

  21. Crips, Bloods, MS-13, and Public Enemy No. 1 • Address each other as “Blood” • Gang graffiti uses the terms “BS” for “Bloodstone” and “C/K” for “Crips Killers” • Mara Salvatrucha 13, or MS-13 is one of the most rapidly spreading, well-organized, and deadly gangs in the US

  22. Crips, Bloods, MS-13, and Public Enemy No. 1 • Organized in Los Angeles in the late 1980s • Initial purpose was to defend Salvadoran immigrants • Primary purpose now is to prey upon the Salvadoran community • Now have affiliated groups along the East Coast

  23. Crips, Bloods, MS-13, and Public Enemy No. 1 • Public Enemy No. 1 • Poses an extraordinary degree of danger for police • Had a hit list of 5 California officers and a gang prosecutor • Roots in punk rock subculture of Long Beach

  24. Crips, Bloods, MS-13, and Public Enemy No. 1 • Very violent and deals in drugs, guns, and identity theft • Forged an alliance with the Aryan Brotherhood • Use money from identity theft to fund its methamphetamines business

  25. Graffiti • Annual cost of graffiti is estimated to be between $10 billion and $12 billion • Five types of graffiti communication • Publicity graffiti • Roll call graffiti • Territorial graffiti • Threatening graffiti • Sympathetic graffiti

  26. Graffiti • 5 states have laws that ban spray paint sales to minors • Chicago bans spray paint sales to the public altogether • Chicano gangs use nonverbal communication known as placa

  27. Police Responses Four types of programs • Prevention programs • Intervention programs • Suppression programs • Comprehensive programs Mediation of a peace agreement

  28. Gangs and Terrorism • Some gangs share with the terrorists the inclination toward the use of violence to achieve political and economic ends • There might be physical links between street gangs • Gang members and terrorists might be drawn from similar ranks of disaffected youth

  29. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • About 1.75 million U. S. citizens are arrested for drug violations per year • Almost four in ten violent crimes involve alcohol • Half of all convicted jail inmates were high on drugs or alcohol at the time of their offense

  30. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • Of the total prison population: • 20% are in prison for drug offenses • 19.3% of the male prisoners • 29.1% of the female prisoners • Drug offenses are the reason that 23.7% of blacks, 14.3% of whites, and 22.9% of Hispanics are in state prisons

  31. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • Methamphetamines is a central nervous system stimulant • Cheap and addictive • Negative effects include physical addiction, psychotic behavioral episodes, and brain damage • Prevalent in the West and Midwest

  32. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • Clandestine drug labs • Meth accounts for 80 to 90% of the labs’ total production • Dealing with the labs requires extraordinarily high levels of technical expertise • HAZMAT

  33. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • Average cost of cleaning up materials from a lab range from $2,500 to $10,000 • Police responses to the labs • Using federal and state organized crime and racketeering statutes • Searching homes and vehicles of former lab operators who are on probation and parole • Seizing and filing for forfeiture operators’ assets

  34. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • Enforcing environmental protection laws • Filing civil actions against persons who allow their property to be used as labs • Monitoring the sale and distribution of essential and precursor chemicals used in such labs

  35. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • Open-air drug markets • Lowest level of the drug distribution network • Some open-air drug activities that the police have undertaken • Policing the area in a highly visible fashion • Enforcing the law intensively

  36. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • Using intelligence-led investigative work • Arresting drug buyers in “reverse stings” • Raves • Dance parties that feature fast-paced, repetitive, electronic music and light shows

  37. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • Drug use is intended to enhance ravers’ sensations and boost their energy • Create a blend of attitudes, drugs, and behaviors not found in other forms of youth culture • Ecstasy is most closely associated with rave parties and can cause brain damage

  38. Our Nation’s Nightmare: Drugs • High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Program (HIDTA) • Office of National Drug Control Policy designates an area as a high-intensity drug area • Illegal drug production, manufacturing, importation, or distribution • Receives more than $225 million per year

More Related