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MALAYSIA

MALAYSIA. Melayu – derived from the Sungei Melayu (Melayu River) in Sumatra. Malai – Tamil word that means “hill”. During the colonial periods, the whole peninsula was labeled “Malacca”. Many changes occur before reaching the name MALAYSIA. EARLY SETTLEMENT.

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MALAYSIA

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  1. MALAYSIA

  2. Melayu – derived from the Sungei Melayu (Melayu River) in Sumatra. • Malai – Tamil word that means “hill”. • During the colonial periods, the whole peninsula was labeled “Malacca”. • Many changes occur before reaching the name MALAYSIA.

  3. EARLY SETTLEMENT • Orang Asli (meaning, “original people”) • The earliest of the current inhabitant of Malaysia. • Other groups include: • Dayak and Penan of Sarawak • Rungus of Sabah • The next arrivals were the Malays • Proto-Malays (1000 B.C.) • Deutero-Malays

  4. These people shared a common culture, Bumiputera (BUMIPUTRA) – “The sons of the soil” reflected by; • Agrarian-maritime economy • Its leadership which was largely consensual • The living of the people in an all-pervasive spiritual world. Their culture was ovelaid by HINDUISM, ISLAM and WESTERN IDEOLOGIES.

  5. HINDU-BUDDHISM “PERANAKAN” Many Chinese settled in Malacca, especially around Bukit Cina—Chinese Hill. Subsequent generations of Straits Chinese became known as Peranakan for their business acumen and lavish lifestyles.

  6. Hindu Buddhism ended with the arrival of Islam introduced by Arabs after 1400. It has diffused along the peninsular region. Malacca was shattered by the in flux of Europeans which made their presence felt by the force of arm. In the 18th century, the British introduced the organization of Industrial Revolution.

  7. MAKING MALAYSIA • Pulau Pinang (1786), Singapore (1819), and Malacca (1824) were collectively known as STRAITS SETTLEMENT. • Federated Malay states were established at Kuala Lumpur (capital) in 1948. • Local elections (1951). • Federal elections (1955). • Idea on formation of Malaysia (1961).

  8. Includes the Peninsular states, Borneo and Singapore. • Malaysia derived from: “Malay”- the people. “Si”- Singapore. “A”- Malaya. • Brunei has denied and Singapore was pressured out (1965).

  9. EAST MALAYSIA

  10. Consists of Sarawak and Sabah. • Prior to the intervention of Europeans, the economy was dominated by products such as: • Bezoar stones • Hornbill beaks • Camphor • Birds’ nests • Rattan, bamboo, other woods, guta percha (resin). • 19th century, east Malaysian economies met the needs of world markets (plantation farming, timber, rubber, oil, etc.).

  11. Ethnicity and Development • Malaysia has a plural society, development policies have favored indigenous malays. • As geographers Mark Cleary and Brian Shaw (1994) observed: “Ethnic pluralism in Malaysia might be more accurately represented as a series of overlapping Malay, Chinese or Indian ethnic dimensions (language, business practice, occupation, religion) rather than lines of rigid demarcation. They represent socially constructed rather than ‘natural’ difference.”

  12. Modern development in Malaysia has been defined by a New Economic Policy (NEP) and subsequent “Malaysia Plans.”Explicit within the NEP was the intention to create a Malay (Bumiputera) business community that would own or manage at least 30 percent of all these activities by 1990. This goal date has been reset to 2020.

  13. Development Scheme • The Ninth Malaysia Plan of 2006 promotes a shift from mono-crop, low-technology, and small-scale operations that still exist, to integrated, high-tech, and large-scale enterprises. • The Malaysian government is developing two new regions in order to accelerate economic growth. The first, launched in 2007, is the Northern Corridor Economic Region (Korridor Utara) in Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang, and the north of Perak.

  14. The second focus will be on Iskandar Malaysia, a development zone in southern Johor with links to Singapore. These projects are expected to be completed by 2025 by the end of Malaysia’s Tenth Year Plan. These plans have six featured goals: • Agriculture • Manufacturing • Tourism • Infrastructure • Human Capital • Environment

  15. A Population Anomaly Malaysia’s population growth is relatively high, given its level of developmentMalays have significantly higher total fertility rates (TFRs) than the Chinese and the Indian populations.Malays are now 58 percent of the population as compared to 56 percent in 1970. The Chinese make up 25 percent and the Indians 7 percent. Multiple non-Malay ethnic groups, mostly in East Malaysia, make up the final 12 percent. Many are illegal residents and every few years there are crackdowns, arrests, and deportations. Every year, there are 4,000 to 6,000 Filipinos deported for immigration offenses.

  16. A MULTI-SECTOR ECONOMY

  17. Malaysia’s national economy is now anchored by highvalue manufacturing, including electronics for export and textiles, steel, and auto assembly for domestic consumption. Pinang, with its 1.6 million inhabitants, has become Malaysia’s “Silicon Island,” attracting both foreign and domestic industrial concerns. Chinese make up 42 percent and Malays comprise 40 percent of the population. Pinang is part of an economic “Growth Triangle” that incorporates Sumatra and Thailand.

  18. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! 

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