Thirteen Colonies: New York & New Jersey

1. Thirteen Colonies: New York & New Jersey Nalda, Jade, Sarah

2. New Netherlands • 1609 – Henry Hudson, funded by the Dutch East India Company sails to New York Harbor along the Hudson River to Albany, New York • After setting up trading posts, a successful fur trade is established with the Native Americans • Many merchants came but no one colonized the land • The DEIC’s contract expires and the Dutch West India Company receives a contract • 1624 – The first settlers arrive and colonize the land • It was a small colony of a remarkable ethnic mix • At this point, the colony was a CHARTER colony

3. An English Colony • 1664 – James, Duke of York, is granted New York and New Jersey by the king despite the fact that the Dutch are living there • Because of its flourishing fur trade, its location between two English colonies and its growing settlements, English view the Dutch colony as a threat • The Duke sends a fleet of four English ships to New Netherlands that surrenders without a fight • He renames it New York • At this point, the colony becomes a PROPRIETARY colony • 1665-1667 – Anglo-Dutch war; it is resolved with the Treaty of Breda (Dutch are given small part of northern Brazil in exchange for New Amsterdam)

4. New York’s Government • 1664-1683 – Colony is ruled by governors (chosen by Duke) • 1673 – There is another conflict between the Dutch and the English; Dutch take over New York • 1674 – Treaty of Westminster; New York is returned to English without a fight • 1683-1685 – Colony is governed by an elected representative assembly • 1685-1688 – Colony becomes a ROYAL colony, it is again ruled by governors • 1688-1690 – English revolt against King James II; Jacob Leisler leads a rebellion in New York and the colony is again governed by an elected assembly • 1690 – A royal governor arrives and kills Leisler but allows elected assembly to remain

5. New Jersey • The Duke gave parts of his land to his friends; Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret received New Jersey • Because of its small population, there were large land grants as well as freedom of religion • Both eventually sold their land to Quakers (persecuted in England for their beliefs) • 1702 – The English government joins the two parts and puts it under the rule of New York’s governor

6. Economy • The major industry of the colony was the fur trade, especially beaver pelts • However, despite New York’s large harbor, the trade did not flourish until much later when the colony’s population increased • Colony’s growth was restricted because of Iroquois to the west, French to the North as well as because patroons owned large parts of the land • The currency was the Native American wampum (shell beads) but when English came, it became sterling silver • Also paid using lumber, wheat/grains and farm products • Both New Jersey and New York’s economies also relied heavily on agriculture • Colonists in New Jersey bred livestock as well as mined and manufactured iron • Colonists in New York bred cattle and grew grain, rice, indigo and wheat in addition to manufacturing ships and iron

7. More • Ethnic population was very diverse: Dutch, Swedes, Native Americans, Africans, Jews, English, French etc. • Religious freedom led to many different religions as well • Good relationship with Natives, traded many things including gunpowder (illegal but frequently used) and horses