Introduction to Ecology – Whole Unit PowerPoint

1. Introduction to Ecology – Whole Unit PowerPoint 2012

2. Goal for the Day • Understand what ecology is. • Be able to describe and list examples of abiotic & biotic factors. • Be able to describe different biomes by climate

3. Question of the Day • What are the factors that affect seed germination? • Think of factors that you decided to test in your germination experiment.

4. What is Ecology? • Ecology • The study of interactions among organisms and among organisms and their environment • Which of the ten themes do you think will play heavily in this chapter?

5. Biotic vs. Abiotic • Biotic Factor– • Abiotic Factor-

6. Intro to Ecology • Which of the factors that we listed as important for germination and early plant growth are abiotic factors, which are biotic?

7. Intro to Ecology • What are the major factors involved in the early growth stage of an animal. • i.e. ( ) • Which of these are biotic, which are abiotic?

8. Ten Unifying Themes of Biology • Biological Systems – cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

9. Intro to Ecology • Within the theme biological systems what was the difference between an ecosystem, and the level before/below it? • Community- • Ecosystem-

10. Major Biomes Climate: The prevailing weather conditions in a given area. Climate determines what organisms can live in that area. Temperature and moisture are important determining characteristics.

11. Biological Communities Biome: Major Biological Communities that occur over a large area of land. This is an example of an artificial (or simulated) biome!

12. Terrestrial Biomes: Rainforests Tropical Rain Forest: Avg. 180 inches of rain per year. Contains at least half of all species on earth. Ex. Brazil

14. Terrestrial Biomes: Rainforests Reasons for rainforest deforestation: Farming: Tribes are going thought their own agricultural revolution…but the soil of the rainforest is very infertile! Timber industry--don’t buy mahogany! Oil--yes, they’re looking for oil in the rainforest too…

15. Terrestrial Biomes: Savannas Savannas: a. Dry grasslands Ex. Africa b. Low average precipitation (35-60 inches) Prolonged annual dry seasons

16. Terrestrial Biomes: Taiga Taiga: a. Cold, wet climate b. Coniferous forests Ex. Canada

17. Terrestrial Biomes: Tundra Tundra: a. 1/5 of the earth’s land surface b. ex. Alaska c. annual precipitation very low (10 in) Characterized by permafrost: Permanently frozen ground.

18. Terrestrial Biomes: Desert Desert: a. Very low precipitation (10 in) b. Sparse vegetation c. Found in interior of continent Growing every year!

19. Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Grasslands Temperate grasslands a. Ex. SOUTH DAKOTA!! You live in one! b. Moderate precipitation c. Deep, fertile soil Hot summers, cold winters

20. Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Deciduous Forests Temperate deciduous forests a. Mild climate, plentiful rain (30-100 in) b. Warm summers, cold winters Hardwood trees (oak, hickory, etc) Ex. New England…

21. Terrestrial Biomes: Temperate Evergreen Forests Temperate evergreen Forests a. Evergreen forests b. Drier Ex. Black Hills

23. Biomes & Plants Practice • Draw the phylogenetic tree of plants on a new sheet of paper. • List each biome and whether its climate in terms of _____________ & ___________. • With a partner go through each biome and rank how likely non-vascular plants would be on a scale of 1-8 based on these factors ALONE.

24. Biomes & Plants Practice • Complete Activity front & back • Cross out High/Low – write WET/DRY • #4 use “relationships & roots” green ½ sheet • For scale say 1 is low, 8 is highest probability • When you finish – go back to your notes and list as many plants as you can think of that are found in each biome.

25. Goals for the day • Be able to list different types of consumers & explain where they get their energy • Be able to draw a food chain correctly • Be able to describe different biomes by their abiotic factors (temperature & moisture)

26. Question of the Day • Explain the difference between an abiotic & a biotic factor. • How would you tell if something were abiotic or biotic? • List examples of each type of factor

27. Defining Biomes Climate is one of the major defining factors of a biome. • What two major characteristics define a particular climate? • What type of factors are these?

28. Biomes & Plants Review

30. Producers vs. Consumers • Producers: • Organisms that first capture energy (produce their own food) • What type of factors do they rely/depend on for energy? • RELY ON ABIOTIC FACTORS FOR ENERGY

31. Consumers: • Organisms that consume other organisms • What type of factors do they rely/depend on for energy? • RELY ON BIOTIC FACTORS FOR ENERGY

32. Consumers: Herbivores: Organisms that consume plants only Ex. cows Carnivores: Organisms that consume other consumers. Ex. Mountain lions

33. Consumers: Omnivores: Organisms that consume both plants and other consumers Ex. Humans Detritivores: Organism that consume dead organic material Ex. Vultures Decomposers: recycle nutrients in the ecosystem (nature’s recycler) Bacteria and fungi that cause decay

34. Food Chain • Should always start with a ____________. • Arrows show the direction of energy flow.

36. Biome connections • Read about each biome in our books (pg 753) What you should get done today: • List the Temperature & Moisture for each biome • List at least 2 plants and animals for each biome • For each biome put together a food chain involving at least 5 organisms *Make sure you check the RUBRIC on the back!

37. Goals for the day • Be able to identify a co-evolutionary relationship by reading about the interaction between 2 organisms • Be able to draw a food chain correctly • Be able to describe different biomes by their abiotic factors (temperature & moisture)

38. Question of the Day • What do the arrows of a food chain indicate? • Does it matter which direction they go? Why?

39. Co-evolutionary relationships • Predation • Parasitism • Mutualism • Commensalism • Competition

40. Possible Benefits Possible Harms

41. Biome connections • Read about each biome in our books (pg 753) What you should get done today: • List the Temperature & Moisture for each biome • List at least 2 plants and 2 animals for each biome • For each biome put together a food chain involving at least 5 organisms *Make sure you check the RUBRIC on the back!

42. Skills Check Friday • Co-evolutionary relationships • Food Chains • Producers/Consumer • Types of Consumers

43. Goals for the day • Be able to identify a co-evolutionary relationship by reading about the interaction between 2 organisms • Be able to list & describe the different types of consumers. • Be able to draw a food chain correctly • Be able to describe different biomes by their abiotic factors (temperature & moisture)

44. Question of the Day • What are the 5 types of consumers? Give an example of each.

45. Food Chain Rules

46. Food Chain • Grass Grasshopper Mouse Hawk

47. Biome connections • Read about each biome in our books (pg 753) What you should get done today: • For each biome put together a food chain involving at least 5 organisms • List one co-evolutionary relationship for each biome YOU MUST USE EACH RELATIONSHIP (parasitism, predation, commensalism, mutualism, competition) ONCE before you repeat any! What you should have done already: • List the Temperature & Moisture for each biome • List at least 2 plants and 2 animals for each biome *Make sure you check the RUBRIC on the back!

48. Video • Consumers & co-evolutionary relationships

49. Goals for the day • …able to identify a co-evolutionary relationship by reading about the interaction between 2 organisms • ….able to draw a food chain correctly • ….able to list and describe the different types of consumers.

50. Question of the Day • An organism that relies on ABIOTIC factors for food would be considered a _________, while an organism that relies on BIOTIC factors for food would be considered a ____________.