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The Nervous System

Explore the fundamentals of the nervous system, including neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. Learn how these components work together to transmit information within the brain and body, and discover the role of neuropharmacology in treating various disorders.

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System

  2. The Brain /Body System

  3. The Brain Body Connection

  4. The Neuron

  5. The Neuron • The brain’s most basic functional unit

  6. The Neuron Soma Dendrites Myelin Sheath Axon Terminals Axon

  7. The Neuron • Soma (cell body) – contains nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles • Dendrites – receive info • Axon – transmits info • Myelin sheath – covers the axon to increase transmission speed (cause of sensory and motor disturbances in multiple sclerosis)

  8. Action Potentials

  9. Action Potentials • How neurons transfer info • Changes neuron’s membrane potential • Rising phase – membrane depolarizes • Overshoot • Falling phase – membrane repolarizes • Undershoot • Restoration of resting potential

  10. The Synapse

  11. The Synapse • Axon terminal releases neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to receptors on another neuron • Neurotransmitters released, taken up again by first neuron

  12. Neurotransmitters • Acetylcholine – movement (respiratory paralysis) • Serotonin – mood, sleep, appetite, anxiety (depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder) • Dopamine – motivation, pleasure (schizophrenia, Parkinson’s) • Epinephrine and Norepinephrine – attention, anxiety, stress (epilepsy, mania in bipolar disorder)

  13. Neuropharmacology

  14. Reuptake Inhibitors • Prevent reuptake of neurotransmitters from the synapse • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors • Example: Prozac • Treats depression, OCD, panic disorder

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