The Brain

1. The Brain _______ ___________ ______________ ___________ ___________

2. _________ ____________ _____________ Areas of the brain • The brain is composed of ___________ Hemispheres, ________ and ________

3. medulla • Controls ______ including _______, and _________ rate • Impulse transmitted from medulla via __________ or __________ branch of __________ nervous system. _________ _____________ ____________

4. cerebellum • Co-ordination of ________, ____ and ________ __________ _________

5. cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres • Highly Folded and so has a large _______. • Patients with injuries to specific parts of the brain can be studied to see how their ______ are altered. ____________ ____________ _________

6. cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres • Different parts of the brain can be _____________ to see which ______ in the body respond • Conversely different parts of the body can be stimulated to see which parts of the brain show ______________. • More recently _____ (magnetic resonance imaging) has been used in brain study

7. Areas of the cerebrum

8. The Areas can be split into 3 groups • __________ Areas • _______ Areas • ___________ Areas

9. ___________ ___________ __________ ________ for impulses from ______

10. cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres • ________ of the cerebral hemispheres receive impulses from _____ organs and transmit them to the ____________ areas • The _______ areas of the cerebral hemispheres receive _______ - _______ them in the light of similar past experiences and transmit impulses to _____ areas • The motor areas transmit impulses to the _______ • The size of the ______ and ______ areas is related to the number of __________ in that area • The left and right cerebral hemispheres control the _________ sides of the body

11. Mapping of the sensory & motor areas to the body

12. Sensory & Motor Maps • The maps show that regions of the body with many sensory (or _______) neurons have corresponding large areas of the _______ linked to them. • So for example the _____ occupy a larger region of the _______ than the ______, because there are more ______ neurons in the lips.

13. Association Areas • Are used to compare ________ with previous _______, and make ___________ • These areas are involved in _______, _________ and ________ retrieval • The ____________ are large in humans and it is thought that they responsible for higher functions like ____________, ________ & ___________.

14. Speech • The ________ of the brain • Patients with ______ problems gave 1st clues about how the brain controls language • 1981 Dr Paul Broca described a patient who could only say the word “tan”. • When the patient died Broca examined the brain and found damage to the ____________________ • This part of the brain is now know as _______ area

15. Broca’s Area __________

16. Wernicke’s Area • In 1967 ______________ noticed damage to another region of the cortex. • _______ area is connected to ______ area by a bundle of nerve fibres. • If this was damaged the patient can understand ________ but cannot ________ words. • So ________ area is concerned with understanding ________. ______ area is concerned with controlling the ______ that produce ______

17. Wernicke’s Area ____________

18. Visual Processing • The __________ area is at the back of the brain & receives _______ input from the ______ nerves • The 2 _______ see slightly different images from the opposite of the _______, and differences can be used to judge ___________

19. Optic Chiasma

20. Summary • ________ – receive input from receptors • ___________ – Origin of impulses which bring about voluntary movements • These receive/transmit impulses from the _______ side of the body • ___________ – interpret _______ information in the light of ____________

21. A close shave