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The Impact of Hazardous Materials on Health: Understanding Risks and Toxicity

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aliza
11 diapositives · 265 Views · Jul 19, 2014

This article explores the dangerous effects of hazardous materials on the human body, focusing on the different routes of entry— inhalation, absorption, and ingestion. It discusses how various factors such as dose and length of exposure influence toxicity. Notable examples include asbestos, which can cause lung cancer, and mercury, known for its systemic effects on the nervous system. The article distinguishes between acute and chronic exposure, highlighting the urgent need to recognize and mitigate risks associated with hazardous substances in our environment.

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  1. The Effects of Hazardous Materials on the Body

  2. What risks? • Toxicity: • the ability of a substance to cause dangerous effects • Factors relating to toxicity: • Dose • Length of exposure • Route(s) of entry

  3. Routes of Entry • Inhalation: • Breathing in of contaminant • Can affect soft tissues of respiratory system • Lung damage • Lower breathing capacity • Trigger onset of chronic disease (ie; cancer) • Can become systemic (throughout body) • Passes through lung tissue into blood stream

  4. Inhalation Example 1 - Asbestos • Fibres act like ‘fish hooks’ on lung tissue • Never go away • Trigger lung cancer (80% fatality rate)

  5. Inhalation Example 2 - Mycosis • Fungal growth in lung tissue • Inhibits respiration • Toxic by-product causing tissue damage

  6. Routes of Entry • Absorption: • Contamination by contact • Can cause rashes, burns, infection, ect • Can become systemic

  7. Absorption Example: Mercury • Absorbed in tiny droplets through skin tissue • Travels through body and destroys nervous (brain) tissue

  8. Routes of Entry • Ingestion: • Swallowing or eating • Can be direct contact (swallowing on its own) • Can be indirect (ingesting contaminated food/drink)

  9. Ingestion Example: Lead • Ingestion damages many body systems and organs • Can cause pain, developmental disorders, seizures and death • Contaminant in soil and water (contaminated veggies and fish)

  10. Common Ways Chemicals Enter Body • Air: • Mist, dust, gas, vapours • Usually enter indirectly (ie; dirty hands, air currents) • Can be odourless/colourless and undetected • Liquids: • Improper handling • Dust absorbed by sweat or by moist eye surface • Transfer across placenta (pregnancy)

  11. Exposure • 2 types: Acute: • Short term • Rapid effects Chronic: • Repeated exposure • Delayed effects