1. Animal Kingdom

2. What is an Animal? • Most diverse kingdom in appearance • Each phylum has its own typical body plan (arrangement)

3. Characteristics • All multicellular (metazoans) & eukaryotic • Cells lack cell walls & come in a variety of shapes • Ingestive heterotrophs (take in food & internally digest it) • Store food reserves temporarily as glycogen in the liver • Have some type of skeletal support

4. Characteristics • Exoskeletons found in arthropods cover the outside of the body but limit size • Endoskeletons found in all vertebrates are found inside the body & are made of cartilage &/or bone • Worms have fluid-filled internal cavities giving them skeletal support • Sponges have the simplest skeleton  • May be sessile (attached & non-moving) or motile (able to move around) • Muscular tissue provides energy for movement

5. Characteristics • Reproduce sexually • Show levels of organization including cell, tissue, organ, & system • Cells are specialized for particular functions • Most vertebrates have a backbone or spine made of repeating bones called vertebrae that protect the spinal cord • Some show cephalization (have a head with sensory organs concentrated there)

6. Invertebrates • Simplest animals • Contains the greatest number of animal species • Most found in water • Do not have an backbone • Includes sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, annelids (segmented worms), mollusks, arthropods, & echinoderms

7. Vertebrates • More complex animals • Most have a backbone • Includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, & mammals

8. Body Areas

9. Symmetry • Symmetry is the arrangement of body parts around a central plane or axis • the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged • Asymmetry occurs when the body can't be divided into similar sections (sponges)

10. Asymmetry • Asymmetryoccurs when the body can't be divided into similar sections • Sponges • Corals

11. Radial Symmetry • Radial symmetry occurs when similar body parts are arranged around a central point like spokes on a wheel • Echinoderms • (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) • Most animals with radial symmetry are sessile (attached) or sedentary (move very little)

12. Bilateral Symmetry • Bilateral symmetry occurs when animals can be divided into equal halves along a single plane (right & left sides that are mirror images) • Animals with bilateral symmetry are more complex, usually motile organisms, such as worms, arthropods, and all vertebrates • Animals with bilateral symmetry show cephalization & have anterior & posterior ends

13. Bilateral Symmetry

14. Bilateral Symmetry

15. Types of Animals