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Cellular Respiration Process and ATP Synthesis

Learn about cellular respiration, ATP production, and the role of mitochondria. Explore glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain in converting glucose into energy.

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Cellular Respiration Process and ATP Synthesis

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  1. Cellular Respiration

  2. Adenosine Triphosphate • Universal energy carrier of the cell • Active transport • Reproduction • Movement • Muscle contractions • Protein synthesis • Hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O  ADP + Pi + Energy • Energy used to produce heat & drive processes

  3. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP • Primarily in mitochondria • Chemical energy in glucose converted to ATP • Necessary for both consumers (heterotrophs) and producers (autotrophs)

  4. Glycolysis • Start: Glucose (6-carbon molecule) • 2ATP energizes the glucose • Phosphate breaks from ATP • Glucose (6C) broken into two Pyruvates (3C) • Finish: Two pyruvates 4 ATPs NADH (H carriers)

  5. Glycolysis Summary

  6. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) • Step 1: Pyruvate broken down • Pyruvate (3C) is split into Acetic Acid (2C) and CO2 • More NADH created

  7. Step 2: Coenzyme A • Acetic Acid (2C) combines with coenzyme A to create Acetyl-CoA (2C)

  8. Step 3: Citric Acid formed • Acetyl-CoA (2C) binds with 4C molecule (from previous Kreb’s cycle) • Citric Acid (6C) created

  9. Step 4: Citric Acid broken down • Citric Acid (6C) broken into 5C molecule • CO2 waste created • More NADH created

  10. Step 5: 5C molecule broken down • 5C molecule broken down into 4C molecule • CO2 waste created • More NADH created • ATP created

  11. Step 6: 4C molecule rearranged • Enzymes rearrange the 4C molecule • More NADH, FADH2 created

  12. Kreb’s Summary • 2 Pyruvate molecules (from glycolysis) create: • 6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2

  13. Electron Transport Chain • Step 1: Electrons removed • Electrons removed from NADH and FADH2

  14. Step 2: Hydrogen Ions Transported • Proteins pump H+ ions across inner membrane of mitochondria • H+ ions accumulate

  15. Step 3: ATP produced • H+ ions diffuse through protein channels to bind ADP + Pi • 34 ATP created

  16. Step 4: Water created • Oxygen binds with H+ ions to create 6H2O as a waste

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