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The NO n A Experiment: Phase 2 of the Fermilab NuMI Program

The NO n A Experiment: Phase 2 of the Fermilab NuMI Program Workshop on Physics with Atmospheric Neutrinos and Neutrinos from Muon Storage Rings Maury Goodman, Argonne National Lab (most slides courtesy of Gary Feldman, Harvard).

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The NO n A Experiment: Phase 2 of the Fermilab NuMI Program

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  1. The NOnA Experiment: Phase 2 of the Fermilab NuMI Program Workshop on Physics with Atmospheric Neutrinos and Neutrinos from Muon Storage Rings Maury Goodman, Argonne National Lab (most slides courtesy of Gary Feldman, Harvard)

  2. The NOnA Experiment(NuMI Off-Axis neAppearance Experiment) • NOnA is an approved Fermilab experiment optimized for measuring ne appearance with the goal of improving the sensitivity to q13 from the current CHOOZ limit by more than a factor of 20. • The NOnA far detector will be • a 30 kT “totally active” liquid scintillator detector • located 15 mrad (12 km) off the NuMI beamline axis near Ash River, NM, 810 km from Fermilab • The uniqueness of NOnA is the long baseline, which is necessary for determining the mass ordering of the neutrino states. Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 2

  3. One of (two) high priority recommendations is for a concerted program to measure q13 including: A reactor experiment An accelerator experiment (with NOnA in mind). 2004 APS n study Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 3

  4. Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 4

  5. Ash River; 810 km 200 x 40 m labs shown Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 5

  6. P(nmne) (in Vacuum) • P(nmne) = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 • P1 = sin2(q23) sin2(2q13) sin2(1.27 Dm132 L/E) “Atmospheric” • P2 = cos2(q23) sin2(2q12) sin2(1.27 Dm122 L/E) “Solar” • P3 = J sin(d) sin(1.27 Dm132 L/E) • P4 = J cos(d) cos(1.27 Dm132 L/E) where J = cos(q13) sin(2q12) sin(2q13) sin(2q23) x sin(1.27 Dm132 L/E) sin(1.27 Dm122 L/E) Atmospheric- solar interference Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 6

  7. P(νμ→νe) (in Matter) • In matter at oscillation maximum, P1 will be approximately multiplied by (1 ± 2E/ER) and P3 and P4 will be approximately multiplied by (1 ± E/ER), where the top sign is for neutrinos with normal mass hierarchy and antineutrinos with inverted mass hierarchy • About ±30% effect for NuMI • About ±11% effect for T2K • The effect is reduced for energies above the oscillation maximum & increased for energies below Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 7

  8. Off-Axis Rationale • Both Phase 2 experiments, NOnA and T2K are sited off the neutrino beam axis. This yields a narrow band beam: • More flux and less background (ne’s from K decay and higher-energy NC events) Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 8

  9. NOnA Far Detector “Totally Active” 30 kT: 24 kT liquid scintillator 6 kT PVC 32 cells/extrusion 12 extrusions/plane 1984 planes Cell dimensions: 3.9 cm x 6 cm x 15.7m (0.15 X0 thickness) Extrusion walls: 3 mm outer 2 mm inner U-shaped 0.8 mm WLS fiber into APD 132 m 15.7m 32-plane block 15.7m Admirer Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 9

  10. 30 kton NOnA detector Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 10

  11. Light collection Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 11

  12. Far Detector Assembly 1-cm expan- sion gap One 8-plane sub-block assembled per day Detector has 248 sub- blocks 32-plane block 32-plane block 8-plane sub-block Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 12

  13. Half-scale NOA Prototype in Bldg 366 • Unprecedented plastic structure of this scale • Measure mechanical properties • Compare to FEA calculations • Try out assembly procedures • Mounting/gluing tests Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 13

  14. Structural Analysis • Rigid PVC • ASTM D1784 “Standard Specification for Rigid PVC Compounds” • Defines 6 grades with allowable design stresses from 1000 PSI to 2000 PSI • NOvA design working limit of 1500 PSI • Well before creep onset • Good resistance to catastrophic failure • Creep before crack • FEA model • Results baselined with bench tests • Maximum internal stress of 1400 PSI for vertical cell from hydrostatic pressure • Maximum transferred stress of 560 PSI for horizontal to vertical cells • 70 PSI in sheer • Safety factor of 2.9 for buckling • 10C temperature change • Force generated of 4.3 PSI • Length of detector increased by 9cm • Include expansion gaps between blocks Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 14

  15. Near Detector 8-plane block 10.6 T full 1.6 T empty 262 T 145 T totally active 20.4 T fiducial (central 2.5 x 3.25 m) 9.6 m 5 m Muon catcher 1 m iron Shower containment region Target region 3.5 m Veto region Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 15

  16. Near Detector inMINOS Surface Building 6.5 x 1020 pot in 75 mrad off-axis beam Kaon peak 45,000 nm CC events 2,200 ne CC events Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 16

  17. 1.87 GeV neN  epp+p0x-z View Accepted Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 17

  18. 2.11 GeV nmN  nmpp0x-z View Accepted! Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 18

  19. 1.86 GeV neN  epp+x-z View Not accepted Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 19

  20. Electron ID & Energy Resolution Electrons Muons Electron resolution Also use RMS of pulse height per plane, gaps & energy cuts Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 20

  21. Post-Collider Proton Plan • Proton Plan with Collider • 9/11 Slip-stacked Booster batches at 5.51012 p/batch • Repetition rate = 0.8 s (Booster) + 1.4 s (Ramp) = 2.2 s • 10% for Collider shot setup + 5% for antiproton transfer •  3.4 1020 protons/yr • Post-Collider Proton Plan • 11 batches for neutrinos  11/9 = 1.22 factor • Hide Booster filling time in Recycler  0.8 s  0.067 s  2.2 s  1.467 s = 1.50 factor • Save 10% shot setup and 5% antiproton transfer = 1.17 factor •  (3.4 1020 protons/yr)(1.22)(1.50)(1.17) = (7.3 1020 protons/yr) • Negotiated rate is 90% of this: (6.51020 protons/yr) • Proton Driver rate taken as 251020 protons/yr Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 21

  22. Parameters Consistent witha 2% nm ne Oscillation Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 22

  23. Parameters Consistent withOther Oscillation Probabilities Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 23

  24. 3 s Sensitivity to q13 0 5 year n only run Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 24

  25. 3 s Sensitivity to q13 0 Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 25

  26. 3 s Sensitivity to q13 0Comparison with Proton Driver Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 26

  27. Importance of the Mass Ordering • Window on very high energy scales: grand unified theories favor the normal mass ordering, but other approaches favor the inverted ordering. • If we establish the inverted ordering, then the next generation of neutrinoless double beta decay experiment can decide whether the neutrino is its own antiparticle. However, if the normal ordering is established, a negative result from these experiments will be inconclusive. • To measure CP violation, we need to resolve the mass ordering, since it contributes an apparent CP violation that we must correct for. Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 27

  28. Role of NOnA in Resolvingthe Mass Ordering • The mass ordering can be resolved only by matter effects in the earth over long baselines. • NOnA is the only proposed experiment with a sufficiently long baseline to resolve the mass ordering. • The siting of NOnA is optimized for this measurement. • NOnA is the first step in a step-by-step program that can resolve the mass ordering in the region accessible to conventional neutrino beams. Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 28

  29. 95% CL Resolution of the Mass Ordering Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 29

  30. 95% CL Resolution of the Mass Ordering Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 30

  31. 95% CL Resolution of the Mass Ordering Scenario: 2 years into the PD run, realize the need for the 2nd off-axis detector. Build in 4 years, run for 6 years. Thus, 12 years running of NOnA with PD and 6 years of running the second detector. Several technologies possible for the 2nd detector. Use SK as a model for the calculation. Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 31

  32. Other Physics • Better Dm231 & sin22q23 • Study a possible MiniBooNE signal • Supernova Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 32

  33. Cost Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 33

  34. Schedule(10 of 29 Milestones) Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 34

  35. NOnA Status • Approved by Fermilab April 2005: Letter from Mike Witherell • “The Committee found that NOA …is the best approach to address the compelling neutrino physics questions ahead of us. They judged NOA to be well designed, fully competitive, and complementary to other efforts. They also consider it to be the right platform for further steps in the evolving neutrino program worldwide.  The Committee recommended Stage I approval.” • “Organizing the best program of neutrino research with Fermilab’s accelerators is critical to the strength of the particle physics program in the US and worldwide.  I agree with the Committee’s judgment that NOA is the right experiment to anchor this program, and I agree that now is the time to act. I therefore grant Stage I approval to the NOA experiment.” Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 35

  36. NOnA Status • Approved by Fermilab April 2005 (see letter) • Ed Temple has set out a schedule of critical decisions and reviews that will allow a Oct 2006 construction start (see timeline) Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 36

  37. Sensitivity vs. Time Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 37

  38. Conclusion • NOnA provides a flexible approach to studying all of the parameters of neutrino oscillations • A long baseline approach is crucial in the context of the world program. • NOnA is the first stage of a flexible program where each stage can be planned according to what has been learned in previous stages. • The NOnA physics reach is greater than other experiments being contemplated for the next few years. Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 38

  39. Backup Slides Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 39

  40. 3 s Sensitivity to q13 0 Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 40

  41. 95% CL Resolution of the Mass Ordering: Summary Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 41

  42. 3 s Determination of CP Violation Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 42

  43. 95% CL Resolution of the Mass Ordering NOnA with T2K Phase 1 NOnA/PD with T2K Phase 2 Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 43

  44. 95% CL Resolution of the Mass Ordering Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 44

  45. Ed Temple’s Timeline ofCritical Decisions and Reviews 11 reviews in 22 months exclusive of NuSAG, P5, and the PAC Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 45

  46. Assumed T2K Beam Powervs. Time From S. Nagamiya, Feb 2005 Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 46

  47. Sensitivity vs. TimeComparison to T2K Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 47

  48. Sensitivity vs. TimeComparison to a reactor experiment Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 48

  49. P(nmne) (in Matter) • In matter at oscillation maximum, P1 will be approximately multiplied by (1 ± 2E/ER) and P3 and P4 will be approximately multiplied by (1 ± E/ER), where the top sign is for neutrinos with normal mass hierarchy and antineutrinos with inverted mass hierarchy. About a ±30% effect for NuMI, but only a ±11% effect for JPARC . However, the effect is reduced for energies above the oscillation maximum and increased for energies below. Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 49

  50. 3 s Sensitivity to q13 0Comparison with Proton Driver 5 year n only run Maury Goodman IIT Mumbai 1-2 August 2005 50

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