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COLD WAR

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  1. COLD WAR • 1945 delegates from 45 countries met form the United Nations • The five great powers – United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, and China were permanent members of the Security Council with the right to veto • The UN was intended to promote international cooperation • In 1945 Russia controlled much of Eastern Europe • Stalin’s aim was to protect Russia’s western border with communist allies – Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria

  2. 1946 at Fulton Missouri, Winston Churchill made his iron curtain speech • The British, Americans, French and Soviets each controlled a part of Berlin • Berlin was an area controlled by the Soviet Union, but roads and railroads were allowed to link to the western sectors • In 1947 the western sectors all merged for economic reasons

  3. 1947 Truman gets $400m to aid Turkey and Greece – to support free people • 1947 George Marshall proposed an economic packet to help war-torn Europe • The soviets refused to participate • 1948 a communist-backed coup in Czechoslovakia persuaded the Americans that they had to stop the spread of communism • The European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan) provided $13b in aid

  4. 1948 The soviets cut off access to Berlin. The Allies organized the Berlin Airlift • 1948 Britain, France and the Benelux countries signed the Brussels Pact • 1948 America establishes a peace time draft • May 1949 the soviets lifted the blockade • The western powers created West Germany – the soviets created East Germany • 1949 twelve countries (Brussels Pact + 5) signed the North Atlantic Pact – gradually other countries were added – this became NATO

  5. Eisenhower continued the Truman Doctrine • 1953 Stalin died • Khrushchev became the leader and promised “peaceful coexistence” • West Germany became part of NATO in 1955 • 1955 the soviets established the Warsaw Pact • 1958 Khrushchev demanded that the west accept the neutralization of West Berlin or they would sign their rights to East Berlin to East Germany • The western powers did nothing and the deadline passed

  6. August 1961 Khrushchev closed the east/west Berlin border • Began construction of the Berlin Wall • 1961 Bay of Pigs fiasco – Castro moves closer to Moscow

  7. 1963 American-Soviet Nuclear Test ban • 1967 The Outer Space Treaty • 1971 SALT I froze the number of ICBMs • 1979 SALT II limits on long range missiles, bombers, nuclear warheads

  8. 1979 Russia invades Afghanistan – new cold war • 1989 the fall of the Berlin Wall

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