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PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT. The Muscular System. Learning outcomes. Today you will learn about: The different types of muscle. The structure of muscles. The location of major muscles. Types of muscle fibres. How muscles work in pairs. TYPES OF MUSCLE. 3 Types of muscle.

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PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

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  1. PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT The Muscular System

  2. Learning outcomes Today you will learn about: The different types of muscle. The structure of muscles. The location of major muscles. Types of muscle fibres. How muscles work in pairs.

  3. TYPES OF MUSCLE 3 Types of muscle Involuntary Muscle Cardiac Muscle Voluntary Muscle Found within your organs e.g. in your intestines Found only in the heart Found in muscles that allow us to move Where are they found? Where is it found? Where can we find an example of each of these types of muscles? What characteristics makes them different? Where is it found? Not under our conscious control – we don’t decide when to move them Under conscious control – you can decide when to move them Never stops working Characteristic ? Characteristic ? Characteristic ?

  4. Structure of Muscles 1 Tendons attach the muscle to a bone. The fibres are strong and elastic. Muscles are made of bundles of fibres which are enclosed in connective tissues. TASK - Add labels to your diagram

  5. Structure of Muscles 2

  6. MUSCLE LOCATIONS TASK - Label the diagram

  7. How Muscles Work 1 • Voluntary muscles produce movement by contracting and relaxing. • They get shorter when they contract and longer when they relax. • Where tendons attach to the bones is called origins and insertions. Homework Task Find out what is the difference between a muscle origin and insertion?

  8. How Muscles Work 2 Muscles can only create movement in one direction. Muscles can only pull a bone into a new position, they cannot push it back. This means that at every joint there must be 2 muscles to allow movement Muscles work in pairs

  9. How Muscles Work 3 When one muscle contracts (works) the opposing muscle relaxes this is known has antagonistic pairs. The muscle that contracts to produce the movement is known has the prime mover. Other muscle will assist the prime mover by contracting at the same time and these are called synergists.

  10. How Muscles Work 4 …In Pairs… The elbow BICEPS: Contracting muscle becomes short and fat The BICEPS is now relaxing and becoming long and thin TRICEPS: Relaxing muscle becomes long and thin The TRICEPS is now the contracting muscle becoming short and fat

  11. How Muscles Work 5 …A Group… The elbow ORIGIN tendon Synergist PECTORALS: Supporting ‘helpers’ BICEPS: Contracting muscle Agonist INSERTION tendon TRICEPS: Relaxing muscle Antagonist

  12. TASKMuscles Work in Pairs How Muscles Work 6 Can you think of another pair of muscles and an exercise where they are used?

  13. Muscle Fibres 1 There are two basic types of muscle fibre. 2 Types Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres Tend to favour endurance Activities (aerobic) Tend to favour power and strength activities (anaerobic) Copy the diagram into your book. Muscle fibre percentages are genetically determined and vary between people.

  14. Muscle Fibres 2 Qs. How can improved muscle function improve performance? Qs. What could we suggest about different people’s muscle fibre types and the activity they perform?

  15. Latissimus dorsi Swimmer pulling through the water Gluteals Sprinting / jumping Jump to head a ball Quadriceps Take off for long / high jump Gastrocnemius Abdominals Somersault in trampolining Triceps Putting the shot Breaststroke swimming Pectorals Hamstrings Tuck jump gymnastics Ball toss when serving in tennis Deltoids Hockey player reaching forward to intercept a ball Trapezius Preparation of a set shot in b’ball Biceps

  16. HOMEWORK Complete tasks set in class and task sheet 4 muscles and activity.

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