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Drug Trends in Washington State __________________________________________________

Drug Trends in Washington State __________________________________________________. WSADCP 16 th Annual Fall Conference South Center Doubletree Tukwila, Washington October 18, 2013 Steven Freng, Psy.D., MSW NW HIDTA Prevention/Treatment Manager . What is a HIDTA?.

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Drug Trends in Washington State __________________________________________________

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  1. Drug Trends in Washington State__________________________________________________ WSADCP 16th Annual Fall Conference South Center Doubletree Tukwila, Washington October 18, 2013 Steven Freng, Psy.D., MSW NW HIDTA Prevention/Treatment Manager

  2. What is a HIDTA? “HIGH INTENSITY DRUG TRAFFICKING AREA” HIDTAs are part of the national drug control strategy. They are grant programs managed by the Office of National Drug Control Policy, awarded to geographic areas that are considered to be critical centers of drug production, manufacturing, importation, distribution and/or chronic consumption.

  3. Northwest HIDTA Whatcom San Juan Okanogan Pend Orielle Ferry Skagit Stevens Island Clallam Snohomish Chelan Jefferson Douglas Lincoln Spokane Kitsap King Grays Harbor Mason Grant Kittitas Pierce Adams Whitman Thurston Pacific Lewis Yakima Franklin Garfield Wahkiakum Benton Cowlitz Columbia Skamania WallaWalla Asotin Klickitat Clark

  4. Northwest HIDTA StrategyCombining Public Safety and Public Health Approaches: ENFORCEMENT Investigative Support Task Force Support PREVENTION Community Coalition Support Public Education & Awareness TREATMENT Drug Court Programs Data Management & Evaluation

  5. Investigative Support Center (ISC) Primary Components • Information Services Unit • Watch Center • Officer Safety • Deconfliction • Analytical Unit • Intelligence Research/Strategic Studies • Tactical Analysis • Case Support • Administrative Unit • Technical Equipment & Services, Database Management, Fiscal Management, Training

  6. Threat Indicators “Critical Events” registered with the NW HIDTA by 61 L.E.A.s in 1998: • Cocaine: 128 • Methamphetamine 79 • Heroin 33 • Marijuana: 27 • Other: _6_ 273

  7. Threat Indicators “Critical Events” registered by 156 L.E.A.s in 2011 & 2012: 20112012 Methamphetamine 1,342 1,753 Marijuana 1,062 615 Heroin 945 1,070 Cocaine 807 516 Rx Opiates 478 605 MDMA (Ecstasy) 129 98 Other 401380 5,164 5,037

  8. Specific Drug Used When First Starting Drug Use, 2011 SOURCE: Adapted by CESAR from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, 2012. Available online at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2011SummNatFindDetTables/Index.aspx.

  9. Past Year Initiates of Specific Illicit Drugs Persons Aged 12 or Older: 2009

  10. Percentage of U.S. 9-12th Graders Reporting Past Year Substance Abuse, 2012

  11. Abuse/Dependence on Illicit Drugs in the Past Year (aged 12 or older)

  12. Drug-related E-R Visits (DAWN, Seattle SMSA) Source: DAWN Live!!! Non-Med Use = Overmedication, Malicious poisoning, Other[Drug Abuse]

  13. Pediatric Interim Care Center (PICC)2012 Statistics • Methadone + 1-6 additional drugs 21 • Opiates + 1-4 additional drugs 13 • Methamphetamine + 1-2 additional drugs 10 • Methadone 9 • Heroin + 1-5 additional drugs 7 • Methamphetamine 3 • Cocaine 2 • Opiate 1 • Cocaine + 2 additional drugs 1 • PCP + 1 additional drug 1 • PCP _1 69 Opiates: 51 Stimulants: 16

  14. WA State Treatment Admission by DrugAdults, 2006-12

  15. Publicly-funded Tx AdmissionsWA State Youth

  16. WA State Drug Use/Drug Deaths, 1997-2006

  17. Unintentional Poisoning DeathsWA & US, 1980-2006

  18. Opiates • Natural - Opium, morphine, codeine • Semi-synthetic - Heroin, Dilaudid (hydromorphone) • Synthetics - Oxycontin®, Percodan®, Percoset®(oxycodone, derived from morphine) Vicodin®, Lortab®(hydrocodone) Methadose®, Dolophine®(methadone) Darvon®(propoxyphene) Demerol®(meperidine) Duagesic®(fentanyl)

  19. Heroin • Mexican “Black Tar” is predominant; very little South American (white powder) is said to be available; no S.E. or S.W. Asian is known to be in the region • Trafficked primarily by Mexican and Central American DTOs • Heroin ranked 3rd in prevalence within the region • Heroin ranked 3rd as a regional threat • Price has decreased over the past several years at app. $75 per gram; purity increased concurrently, with reports of 15-20% within the region.

  20. WA State Overview • Heroin use, abuse and deaths are up. Increases are primarily among young adults 18-29, and are expanding geographically across much of the state. • Rx opiate availability, abuse and deaths have declined, but associated deaths still exceed heroin. • Although treatment admissions for all other substances have declined, admissions for heroin and Rx opiates increased 512% statewide among 18-29 year olds. Heroin is the #1 drug in this age group. • The statewide caseload for buprenorphine/Suboxone patients 18-29 years old was 2,189 in 2012.

  21. Police Evidence Tested by the WSP Crime Lab, 2001-12

  22. Prescription Opiates • Obtained legally by prescription; obtained illegally from friends/family (free or purchased), through multiple providers, via theft, illegitimate prescriptions, illegal Internet pharmacies • Now also trafficked by numerous DTOs as “part of the inventory” • Prescription opiates ranked 5th in prevalence within the region • Prescription opiates ranked 5th as a regional threat • Prices for illicit purchase vary: oxycodone sells for $1 per milligram

  23. Per Capita Narcotics Prescriptions by State

  24. Percentage of U.S. High School Students Reporting Past-year Substance Abuse in Addition to Past-month Marijuana Use, 2011

  25. “Ma” is a pictograph of two two plants under a shelter shelter The herb is a “liberator of sin – good for female weakness, gout, rheumatism, malaria, beri beri, constipation and absent mindedness”. Chinese Emperor , 2700 B.C.

  26. Marijuana • Wide range of sources available in Pacific NW; “domestic” now dominates the market although Canada-produced “BC Bud”, Californian, Mexican and exotic varieties are available • Asian-Canadian DTOs operate indoor grows in Western WA (recent Clark County case: 52 locations, 7,000 plants); Mexican DTOs operate outdoor grows in Eastern WA • Domestic marijuana ranked 1st in prevalence within region. • Domestic marijuana ranked 2nd as a regional threat. • Price has remained stable at app. $250/ounce; THC content has been analyzed as high as 15-20%

  27. Investigative Assistance Division

  28. 2012 Marijuana Eradication Statistics Statewide C A N A D A I-5 Whatcom 1,233 San Juan 20 Pend Oreille Okanogan 193 20 P U G E T SOUND 20 97/20 Skagit 759 Island Ferry 101 Snohomish 1,503 Clallam Stevens Chelan 73 Douglas 273 Jefferson 97 2 I D A H O 2 Kitsap 86 Spokane 530 I-90 2 Seattle Spokane Grays Harbor 101 I-90 King 2,652 Lincoln Mason P A C I F I C O C E A N 97/20 Grant 386/49,326 101 101 Tacoma Kittitas 40,574 12 Pierce Olympia 8 Whitman 170 Adams 2,412 Thurston 1,914/95 12 I-82 Pacific Lewis 395 Franklin 35,651 Garfield 45 Yakima 12 Benton 33/6,327 I-82 Yakima 55,492 Cowlitz 52 Columbia 3,027 Tri-Cities Skamania Non Reported Walla Walla Asotin Wahkiakum 97 1-500 I-5 Klickitat 12,688 501-1000 I-84 1001-5000 TOTAL SEIZURES (As off February 27,2013) Grows 153 Indoor Plants 10,253 Outdoor Plants 205,462 Arrests 105 Weapons 58 O R E G O N 5001-9,999 I-84 10,000 Portland Clark 383 Indoor/Outdoor/Hotline#s Total Plants Seized YTD 216,010

  29. 2013 Marijuana Eradication Statistics Statewide

  30. Cannabis Eradication by National Forest, 2008

  31. Initiative 502 • Effective 12/6/12 following 56% favorable vote in general election. The LCB has until 12/1/13 to adopt implementation details. • Will allow individuals 21 and over to possess 1 oz. of smokable material; 16 oz. of infused product; 72 oz. of liquid infused product; paraphernalia. • DUI will be issued if THC blood levels exceed 5.00 nanograms. • WA State OFM estimated a 10% increase in consumers and consumption. • WA State OFM assumed a price point of $12/gram ($336/lb.). • 25% excise tax on production, processing and retail sale. • Distribution was tied to LCB stores – now must be reconfigured.

  32. Initiative 502 • State will produce 40 metric tons (2 million sq. ft.) per year • Projected market share: 25% • State will license producers, processors and retailers • Production “tiers”: less than 2,000 sq. ft.; 2-10,000 sq. ft.; 10- 30,000 sq. ft.) • 334 retail stores will be licensed statewide (152 in municipalities, 182 “at large” in unincorporated counties) • Rules include provisions about: • Advertising (no appeal to youth i.e., toy/cartoon shapes or images) • Buffer between marijuana activities & places youth congregate (1,000 ft.) • Types of marijuana to be sold • Licensee requirements including security, transportation signage, hours • Serving size • Retail locations • Waste disposal • Packaging & labeling • To date, no rules addressing internet sales & home delivery

  33. Initiative 502 Creates a Dedicated Marijuana Fund Healthy Youth Survey DBHR for prevention (evidence-based and emerging best practices) in consultation with SDRG DOH for hotline, grants to local health departments for coordinated intervention strategies, and media campaign UW Alcohol & Drug Abuse Institute for web-based public education materials WSIPP for cost-benefit analysis WSLCB for administration UW & WSU for research on effects of marijuana WA Basic Health Plan OSPI Building Bridges Program OFM report says DBHR will use money for prevention

  34. Lessons learned: dedicated funds for tobacco prevention Tobacco Prevention & Control Account: • Tobacco taxes to fund Basic Health Plan, prevention and cessation, and other programs. • State initiative required that $26.24 million per year be spent on prevention and cessation. • In 2009, legislature diverted tobacco tax money to general fund. • The account no longer has funds to sustain program. Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids: www.tobaccofreekids.org/what_we_do/state_local/tobacco_settlement/washington

  35. Percentage of Youths Reporting Which Substance is Easiest for Someone Their Age to Obtain SOURCE: Adapted by CESAR from The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASA), National Survey of American Attitudes on Substance Abuse XVII: Teens, 2012. Available online at http://www.casacolumbia.org/upload/2012/20120822teensurvey.pdf

  36. Access at home With the demise of legal sanctions against use, some parents may choose to begin using marijuana, acting as an important new source of exposure for their adolescents. Parental use of marijuana in the last year is associated with their adolescent’s use during the same period.* * Legalization of Marijuana: Potential Impact on Youth, American Academy of Pediatrics

  37. Market Issues • The industry will have an app. 50% tax markup in addition to general state and local sales taxes of app. 10%, as well as all costs associated with developing and operating an entirely new industry. • The black market is fluid, nimble and lucrative. • Law enforcement is likely to disengage from enforcement. • Marijuana prices in other regions will tempt producers to grow more than they are allowed and sell product interstate. • Organized crime may enter the industry to exploit the weak regulatory and enforcement apparatus. • The likelihood of marijuana “tourism” is very high.

  38. State Marijuana Status, 2013

  39. National Overview – State Legislation 2013 • 2 states have legalized possession • 20 states and D.C. have approved marijuana as medicine • 13 states have also decriminalized marijuana possession • Potential 2014 ballot measures to establish legalized status are seeking signatures in Alaska, Arizona, California and Oregon. Ballot proposals to legalize are also circulating in Arkansas, Florida, Idaho, Nebraska, Utah and Wyoming.

  40. Saturday, October 26, 2013 To find a participating location: • Visit TakeBackYourMeds.org/dea-events Previous Take Back Days in Washington State have received 53,451 pounds of unwanted medicines. Previous Take Back Days nationwide have received 995,185 pounds (498.5 tons). Municipalities and counties in 19 states have implemented programs The Secure Medicine Take-back Bill (SSB 5234), requiring drug producers to fund a non-profit association that would dispose of medications, was introduced during the 2013 session and was reintroduced and retained in present status by resolution.

  41. Contact Information/Resources Tel: 206.352.3603 sfreng@nw.hidta.org Marijuana Toolkit: www.wasavp.org “M-Files”: www.mfiles.org ONDCP: whitehousedrugpolicy.gov

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