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Explore the depth and development of characters in literature, from protagonists to foils, through their actions, dialogue, and impact on the narrative. Learn to differentiate between round and flat characters and analyze their evolution in the storyline.
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Character Development AP English Lit. & Comp.
Characters • Characters encompass the theme, action, and attitude of a dramatic literary piece. • Characters come alive through what they say and do. • To understand a play’s message, we must pay attention to what the characters say and how they act.
Protagonist • The main character, around whom action is usually centered.
Antagonist • The person who’s in opposition to the protagonist, whether that opposition is real or imagined. • This doesn’t necessarily mean they are the “bad” character in the play.
Characterization • Direct – the author blatantly tells us what the character is like. • Indirect – reader/audience must determine the nature of the character on their own: • What the character says • What the character does • How the character affects other characters • What the character thinks or what other think about the character • How others behave toward the character and what they say about him
Depth of Character • According to E.M. Forester, characters are either “round” or “flat” • Round – characters are fully developed and resemble real people, with quirks and idiosyncrasies just as real people. Tend to be main characters. • Flat – Lack complexity. They have only a single trait. Minor characters tend to be flat.
Depth of Character • Whether or not a character changes determines if they are “static” or “dynamic” • Static – characters don’t change considerably • Dynamic – characters undergo transformation as a result of the conflicts they encounter
Foil • A “Foil” is a character whose purpose is to reveal other characters.
Questions to Analyze Characters: • Does a character serve as a narrator? • What information can this character provide that others cannot? • Are the major characters fully developed? Could you describe them or pick them out of a lineup? • Is the character’s language formal or informal? • What functions do the characters serve in the play? • How do the characters change over the course of the play? • What is revealed about the characters through their choice of words and their actions? • Do other characters like or dislike a character? • Can you tell how the characters feel about eachother?