Foundations of Social Media

1. Foundations of Social Media RTV 453

2. Legacy media vs. new media • Is Social Media a new form of media? • Is Interactive Media a different new form of media? • Is Cloud Computing related to where ‘digital media’ is going? • Will there be newspapers in 50 years? • Radio? TV channels? Movies? Plays being performed? • Vaudeville example… • Will the ‘marketplace of goods’ be replaced by ‘information exchange’? • Will ‘high culture’ disappear?

3. What is Social Media? • Origin of computers (next pages) • Abacus, analytical engine (1800s), electronic computing (1900s) • Origin of the Internet • Sputnik, Pentagon / ARPA, legislation, hardware & software • Origin of personal computers (1960s-70s) • Next page • Virtual realities? • Change from tool for calculating to tool for communicating

4. Abacus - 3000 BC History of Computers - Long, Long Ago • beads on rods to count and calculate!

5. History of Computers - Way Back When Slide Rule Slide Rule 1630 based on Napier’s rules for logarithms used until 1970s

6. History of Computers - 19th Century Jacquard Loom - 1801 • Joseph Marie Jacquard • First stored program - metal cards • Did no computing • first computer manufacturing • still in use

7. Charles Babbage - 1792-1871 Analytical Engine • Difference Engine c.1822 • huge calculator, never finished • Analytical Engine 1833 • could store numbers • calculating “mill” used punched metal cards for instructions • powered by steam! • accurate to six decimal places • Inspiration for Herman Hollerith for 1890 census

8. Vacuum Tubes • First Generation Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes • Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside. • Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry.

9. UNIVAC – 1950-51 • first fully electronic digital computer built in the U.S. • Created at the University of Pennsylvania • contained 18,000 vacuum tubes • Cost $487,000 • ENIAC that preceded it (late 1940s) weighed 30 tons

10. Grace Hopper (1906-1992) • Programmed UNIVAC • Recipient of Computer Science’s first “Man of the Year Award” • First compiler for a computer programming language, led to COBOL

11. First Transistor • Used Silicon (semiconductor) • developed in 1948 • won a Nobel prize • on-off switch • 2nd Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956

12. Second Generation – 1965-1963 • 1956 – Computers began to incorporate Transistors • Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors • Beginning process of making computers smaller • ‘transistor radios’ in the 1950 made music portable

13. Integrated Circuits • Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips). • Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors integrated together into a single “chip” • First one made by Texas Instruments in 1958

14. Third Generation – 1964-1971 • 1964-1971 • Integrated Circuit • Operating System • Getting smaller, cheaper

15. The First Microprocessor – 1971 Intel 4004 Microprocessor • The 4004 had 2,250 transistors • four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s) • 108Khz • Called “Microchip”

16. What is a Microchip? • Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC) • Transistors, resistors, and capacitors • 4004 had 2,250 transistors • Pentium IV had 42 MILLION transistors • Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)

17. 4th Generation – began 1971 • MICROCHIPS! • Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using microchip technology

18. Birth of Personal Computers - 1975 MITS Altair • 256 byte memory (not Kilobytes or Megabytes) • 2 MHz Intel 8080 chips • Just a box with flashing lights • cost $395 kit, $495 assembled.

19. Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer has evolved rapidly. Connections: • Which evolved from the other, which was an entirely new creation • vacuum tube • integrated circuit • transistor • microchip

20. Evolution of Electronics • Vacuum Tube – a dinosaur without a modern lineage • Do vacuum tubes still exist? • Transistor  Integrated Circuit Microchip • Another major development in recent years • Flash memory

21. First Mass Market PC

22. IBM PC - 1981 • IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture • ‘instigated by’ IBM as reaction to Macintosh • First wide-selling personal computer used in business • 8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors • 4.77 Mhz processing speed • 256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard • One or two floppy disk drives • Open architecture (except ROM BIOS)

23. Apple Computers • Founded 1977 • Apple II released 1977 • widely used in schools • Macintosh (left) • released in 1984, Motorola 68000 Microchip processor • first commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse) • First GUI: Xerox PARC

24. 21st Century Computing • Great increases in speed, storage, and memory • Increased networking, speed in Internet • Broadband growth • Netbooks / iPad / tablets • Smart Phones • Impact of touch technology • 3G to 4G (3-5 Mbps / 8-10 Mbps)

25. What’s next for computers? • Use your imagination to come up with what the coming years hold for computers. • What can we expect in two years? • What can we expect in twenty years? • Voice interface? -- wearable computers? • Cloud computing growth • True ubiquity? • Interface among almost all devices? • Smart cars, smart electronics, etc.

26. What is Social Media? • Fad or future? • IPO Facebook failure • Decline of Apple shares • How do you pay the bills? • How do you meet life’s basic needs? • Media jobs: content creation, distribution, sales • New media jobs? ??????

27. Before the Internet rolled out • Electronic Bulletin Boards • CompuServe • America Online • The WELL • Early ‘chat rooms’ • Hypertext • Vannevar Bush first proposed the basics of hypertext in 1945 • Tim Berners-Lee et al in 1990: html, WWW • Multimedia

28. The early web pages • Public Relations extension • Like a magazine (text and words) • shovelware

29. Users (audience) • Just like newspapers, magazines, radio TV … • An audience (market) exists • Are YOU trying to reach them with your content? • Or, is another company trying to reach them based on this form of ‘content distribution’?

30. Components of the social media • Chit-chat • Sharing • Commenting • Wikis • UGC • Everyone has a voice (digital democracy) • Technologically-replaced intermediation (Second Life)

31. Predicting the future • Anthropology and Sociology • But what’s next? • The Machine is Using Us • The semantic web • Ubiquitous instant communication

32. What got us here • Broadband applied to all that went before • Speed and storage • Innovation and profit seeking • Popular culture / ‘common person power’ • Steve Jobs and similar people

33. Communication application? • How are you using social media? • How are people making money using social media? • How are you spending money that’s connected to social media? • How are your relationships with others changing? • How are your relationships with products and services changing?

34. Industry insider, 2014 NBS convention… • Erik Deutsch: PR was about getting his clients exposure. • NOW: it‘s about content creation—so everyone needs to know how to create content, especially video / shooting & editing skills. • Also says “don’t get too involved in the latest ‘shiny object’ • Always go back to basic communication skills, strategies and tactics. • The critical skills remains: how to write well.