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Understanding Cell Activities: Protein Production, Energy Generation, and Cell Cycle Stages

Explore the intricate processes of cell activities, including the production of proteins from DNA through transcription and translation, energy generation via aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and the stages of the cell cycle. Learn how genetic traits are expressed, how cells obtain and utilize energy from food, and the fundamental stages of cell division, including mitosis and cytokinesis. This comprehensive overview unravels the essential functions that keep cells alive and thriving, highlighting the intricate relationships between DNA, RNA, proteins, and energy metabolism.

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Understanding Cell Activities: Protein Production, Energy Generation, and Cell Cycle Stages

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Activities of the Cell

  2. I. The Cell Factory: Protein Production, From Start to Finish =

  3. ? DNA genetic traits

  4. Transcription of DNA DNA C T G T T C G T A T A C mRNA A U G A A G C A U G A C

  5. Translation of RNA tRNAwith amino acid mRNA anticodon U A C U U C G U A C U G A U G A A G C A U G A C codon

  6. G U A C U G U U C U A C A U G A A G C A U G A C

  7. C U G G U A U A C U U C A U G A A G C A U G A C

  8. C U G U U C G U A A U G A A G C A U G A C

  9. G U A C U G A U G A A G C A U G A C

  10. amino acid chart LEUCINE - HISTIDINE - LYSINE - ASPARTIC ACID U U G - A A G - C A U - G A C

  11. transcription • Gene expression translation gene  mRNA  protein (amino acid chain)

  12. II. How Does a Cell Obtain Energy From “Food?”

  13. + 36 ATP + + 6 CO2 C6H12O6 6 H2O 6 O2 energy!) carbon dioxide glucose water oxygen Cellular Respiration

  14. A) Aerobic respiration - the process that releasesenergy (ATP) by breaking down glucose, in the presence of oxygen

  15. occurs at rest, or . . .

  16. when you are bringing it! 

  17. occurs within the mitochondria • two stages: • Kreb’s cycle • electron transport chain

  18. Cellular Respiration Starts with . . .

  19. B) Anaerobic respiration -produces ATP by breaking down glucose without oxygen

  20. lactic acid fermentation (e.g. sore muscles, yogurt, cheese, pickles, kimchi)

  21. Energy Tally • Anaerobic = 2 ATP • Aerobic respiration Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP Electron Transport 32 ATP +36 ATP

  22. III. What Are the Stages in the Life of a Cell?

  23. Cell Cycle

  24. G1 cell growth S DNA replicates G2 preparation for cell division

  25. A Typical Cell cell membrane nucleus (w/ nuclear membrane) DNA(genetic instructions)

  26. during G1 DNA is in chromatin form (“loose” threads)

  27. before cell division

  28. before cell division DNA is replicated and forms chromosomes

  29. Cell Cycle  Starts here

  30. Cell Cycle

  31. Cell division • Four Stages of Mitosis (separation of the chromosomes) • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis (cell splits)

  32. Stages of Mitosis • cytokinesis • telophase early prophase late prophase • anaphase metaphase

  33. Where should you look in an organism to find mitosis?

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