3 handouts Understanding phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of characters

1. 3 handouts Understanding phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of characters brief history of the first 2000 years of biological classification natural groups = monophyletic groups phylogenies are typically dichotomous and reflect history of cladogenesis phylogenies are nested sets of monophyletic groups “rank-free” classification concept of sister groups degree of relatedness determined by recency of common ancestor un-natural groups = artificial taxa = paraphyletic groups character evolution and terminology apomorphy and synapomorphy plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy concept of evolutionary homology homoplasy phylogenetic systematics - cladistics EBIO colloquium, Friday, 4:00 in N1B23: Dr. Walter Jetz, Yale University: “The global ecology of terrestrial vertebrates in a changing world.” Cookies and coffee at 3:30 in N240. Cladogenesis Clade = monophyletic group Paraphyletic group = evil Sister groups Relatedness Synapomorphy Symplesiomorphy Homology Homoplasy