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This handout delves into the history and principles of biological classification over the first 2000 years, emphasizing the concept of monophyletic groups and the significance of phylogenetic trees in representing evolutionary histories. It highlights the distinctions between natural (monophyletic) and artificial (paraphyletic) taxa, the terminology surrounding character evolution such as apomorphy, synapomorphy, plesiomorphy, and symplesiomorphy, as well as concepts like homology and homoplasy. Join us at the EBIO colloquium with Dr. Walter Jetz to learn more about the global ecology of terrestrial vertebrates.
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3 handouts Understanding phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of characters brief history of the first 2000 years of biological classification natural groups = monophyletic groups phylogenies are typically dichotomous and reflect history of cladogenesis phylogenies are nested sets of monophyletic groups “rank-free” classification concept of sister groups degree of relatedness determined by recency of common ancestor un-natural groups = artificial taxa = paraphyletic groups character evolution and terminology apomorphy and synapomorphy plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy concept of evolutionary homology homoplasy phylogenetic systematics - cladistics EBIO colloquium, Friday, 4:00 in N1B23: Dr. Walter Jetz, Yale University: “The global ecology of terrestrial vertebrates in a changing world.” Cookies and coffee at 3:30 in N240. Cladogenesis Clade = monophyletic group Paraphyletic group = evil Sister groups Relatedness Synapomorphy Symplesiomorphy Homology Homoplasy
