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OUTLINE

OUTLINE. Introduction The Hydrologic Cycle Running Water How Running Water Erodes and Transports Sediment Deposition by Running Water Drainage Basins and Drainage Patterns Base Level Graded Streams Valley Evolution Geo-Recap. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES.

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OUTLINE

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  1. OUTLINE • Introduction • The Hydrologic Cycle • Running Water • How Running Water Erodes and Transports Sediment • Deposition by Running Water • Drainage Basins and Drainage Patterns • Base Level • Graded Streams • Valley Evolution • Geo-Recap

  2. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 1 Running water, one part of the hydrologic cycle, does considerable geologic work. Water is continuously cycled from the oceans to land and back to the oceans. 2 Gradient measures how steep a stream is. Discharge measures the volume of water that passes a given point per unit of time. Discharge, along with velocity, usually increases downstream. 3 Running water transports large quantities of sediment and deposits sediment in or adjacent to braided and meandering rivers. 4 Flooding is a natural part of stream activity that takes place when a channel receives more water than it can handle. 5 Alluvial fans (on land) and deltas (in a standing body of water) are deposited when a stream’s capacity to transport sediment decreases. 6 Rivers and streams continuously adjust to changes. Base level is the elevation below which a stream cannot erode. Waterfalls and lakes are temporary base levels, and the sea is ultimate base level.

  3. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 7 The concept of a graded stream is an ideal, although many rivers and streams approach the graded condition. 8 Most valleys form and change in response to erosion by running water coupled with other geologic processes such as mass wasting.

  4. Fig. 12-CO, p. 268

  5. Fig. 12-1, p. 270

  6. Fig. 12-2, p. 270

  7. Figure 1a, p. 273

  8. Figure 1b, p. 273

  9. Fig. 12-3, p. 274

  10. Fig. 12-4, p. 274

  11. Fig. 12-5, p. 275

  12. Fig. 12-5a, p. 275

  13. Fig. 12-5b, p. 275

  14. Fig. 12-6a, p. 277

  15. Fig. 12-6b, p. 277

  16. Fig. 12-6c, p. 277

  17. Fig. 12-6d, p. 277

  18. Fig. 12-7a, p. 278

  19. Fig. 12-7a, p. 278

  20. Fig. 12-8, p. 278

  21. Fig. 12-9, p. 279

  22. Fig. 12-9a, p. 279

  23. Fig. 12-9b, p. 279

  24. Fig. 12-9c, p. 279

  25. Fig. 12-10, p. 280

  26. Fig. 12-10a, p. 280

  27. Fig. 12-10b, p. 280

  28. Fig. 12-10c, p. 280

  29. Fig. 12-10d, p. 280

  30. Fig. 12-11, p. 281

  31. Fig. 12-11a, p. 281

  32. Fig. 12-11b, p. 281

  33. Fig. 12-11c, p. 281

  34. Fig. 12-11d, p. 281

  35. Fig. 12-12a, p. 281

  36. Fig. 12-12b, p. 281

  37. Fig. 12-13a, p. 282

  38. Fig. 12-13b, p. 282

  39. Fig. 12-13c, p. 282

  40. Fig. 12-14, p. 283

  41. Fig. 12-14a, p. 283

  42. Fig. 12-14b, p. 283

  43. Fig. 12-15, p. 285

  44. Fig. 12-15a, p. 285

  45. Fig. 12-15b, p. 285

  46. Fig. 12-16, p. 286

  47. Fig. 12-16a, p. 286

  48. Fig. 12-16b, p. 286

  49. Fig. 12-16c, p. 286

  50. Fig. 12-16d, p. 286

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