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The Versatile Peanut: Cultivation, Uses, and Global Production Insights

Arachis hypogaea, commonly known as the peanut, is a warmth-loving annual legume cultivated mainly in semitropical regions. Its unique growth---with flowers blooming at dawn and seed pods maturing underground---marks its distinct lifecycle. Widely consumed in the U.S., approximately 600 million pounds of peanuts and 700 million pounds of peanut butter are consumed annually. Major producers include India, China, and the U.S., contributing to 85% of global peanut production. This versatile crop serves not only as food but also contributes to various non-food products like paints and plastics.

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The Versatile Peanut: Cultivation, Uses, and Global Production Insights

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  1. INTERNATIONAL VISITOR

  2. Genus, Family & Specie • Genus: Arachis • Family: Leguminosae • Specie: hypogaea • A tropical American vine, Arachis hypogaea, widely cultivated in semitropical regions, with yellow flowers on stalks which bend over so that the seed pods ripen underground.

  3. Plant Characteristics • Warm Season • Annual Legume • Yellow pea-like flower • Flower opens at dawn • Peduncle elongates into a stalk like stem called a “Peg” • Seeds/Nuts ripen underground in pods • Grows in well drained sandy soils

  4. U.S. Consumption • Americans consume approx. • 600 Million Lbs. Of Peanuts Annually • 700 Million Lbs. Of Peanut Butter Annually

  5. Market Types • Virginias • Runners • Spanish • Valencia

  6. World Production • Asia & Africa produce 85% of the world’s peanut production (19 to 25 million tons) • Leading Peanut Producing Countries: India, China, United States, Sudan, Senegal & Indonesia

  7. U.S. Peanut Production • Georgia • Alabama • North Carolina • Texas • Virginia • Oklahoma • U.S. Producers harvest approx. 3.4 Billion Lbs. Annually

  8. Oklahoma Peanut Production • Caddo • Beckham • Harmon • Greer • Washita

  9. Food Products • Peanut Butter • Ice Cream • Vegetable • Peanut Bread • Roasted Peanuts

  10. Livestock Feed • Meal • Hay

  11. Peanut Products • Paint • Soap • Shaving Cream • Face Powder • Plastics • Wall Board • Nitroglycerin

  12. Origin • South America – Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and the area around the head waters of the Amazon River.

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