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Global Struggles

Global Struggles. Unit 7. The Cold War Begins. Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies Chapter 22 Section 4. Massive Retaliation . By the end of 1942 Americans were ready for a change Democrats nominated Adlai Stevenson Republicans nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower Eisenhower won in a landslide.

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Global Struggles

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  1. Global Struggles Unit 7

  2. The Cold War Begins Eisenhower’s Cold War Policies Chapter 22 Section 4

  3. Massive Retaliation • By the end of 1942 Americans were ready for a change • Democrats nominated Adlai Stevenson • Republicans nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower • Eisenhower won in a landslide

  4. Massive Retaliation • “More Bang for the Buck” • Eisenhower believed the key to winning the Cold War was to have a strong economy • Eisenhower believed that we needed to be prepared to use atomic weapons in all forms • Small battle type skirmishes were to expensive and the best way was to threaten people with atomic weapons • Eisenhower reduced the army and increased the US nuclear arsenal

  5. Massive Retaliation • Brinkmanship • Willingness to go to the brink of war to force the other side to back down

  6. Massive Retaliation • The Korean War Ends • “I Shall Go to Korea” • Eisenhower was determined to end the war • Threatened to turn to nuclear war against Korea • Both sides agreed to an armistice and divided the region at the 38th parallel

  7. Massive Retaliation • The Taiwan Crisis • Nationalists still controlled Taiwan • China threatened to seize the islands • Eisenhower asked Congress to authorize any use of force against the Chinese • Once again the US threatened with nuclear weapons • The Chinese backed down

  8. Massive Retaliation • The Suez Canal • Middle East • Wanted to prevent the Arab nations from aligning with the Soviet Union • The US wanted to help Egypt finance the construction of a dam on the Nile • Congress did not like this idea because Egypt had bought weapons from a Communist country • Egypt invaded the Suez Canal which the French controlled

  9. Massive Retaliation • The Suez Crisis • Britain and France responded to Egypt’s attack • The Soviet Union threatened rocket attacks on Britain and France • US put nuclear weapons on standby • Britain and France called off their invasion • This was seen as a major diplomatic victory for the Soviet Union

  10. Covert Operations • Eisenhower used hidden operations conducted by the CIA • Many of the CIA’s actions took place in developing nations • Blamed European imperialism and American Capitalism for their problems • Began looking to the Soviet Union for inspiration

  11. Covert Operations • Iran and Guatemala • Iran Prime Minister seemed like he was going to make a deal with the Soviet Union concerning oil • The CIA sent agents to Iran to stage riots and arrange a deal to get the Prime Minister out of power

  12. Covert Operations • Iran and Guatemala • With Communist support Guzman was elected President of Guatemala • The CIA armed the people of Guatemala that wanted to over throw the Communist government • Guzman left office

  13. Covert Operations • Trouble in Eastern Europe • 1953 – Stalin died • Nakita Khrushchev emerged as the leader • Delivered a secret speech to the Soviet officials criticizing Stalin’s policies • The CIA received this speech and broadcasted it over Eastern Europe • Eastern Europe became frustrated with Communists • Even though Khrushchev did not like Stalin he was never ready to get rid of Communism

  14. Covert Operations • The Eisenhower Doctrine • Military force would be used whenever the president though it was necessary to assist Middle East nations that was trying to resist Communism • Lebanon asked the US for help and Eisenhower sent marines to Beirut • British Forces were also sent to Jordan

  15. Covert Operations • A Spy Plane is Shot Down • 1957 The Soviets launched Sputnik into space – beating the US • Khrushchev demanded the US withdraw troops from West Berlin • Eisenhower convinced Khrushchev to meet in Paris for a summit • But before the summit began a plane was shot down

  16. Covert Operations • A Spy Plane is Shot Down • An American U-2 Plane • Eisenhower first claimed the plane was a weather plane that strayed off course but the pilot was produced • Eisenhower refused to apologize • Khrushchev left the summit

  17. Covert Operations • A Spy Plane is Shot Down • Eisenhower prepared to leave office in 1961 • Farewell address • Warned Americans to be on guard against the influence of a military industrial complex

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