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Struggles for Democracy

Struggles for Democracy. Journal #52. Why do so many people want democracy? What rights are necessary for a government to be democratic? How do citizens participate in a democracy?.

jocelyn-whitley
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Struggles for Democracy

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  1. Struggles for Democracy

  2. Journal #52 • Why do so many people want democracy? • What rights are necessary for a government to be democratic? • How do citizens participate in a democracy?

  3. Essential Question: What are the challenges of traditional Western democratic values taking hold in other regions of the world?

  4. Basic Democracy • Our class is going on a field trip to a restaurant! • Rules: • We will choose one restaurant. • Everyone must agree on which one restaurant to go to. • First you will read restaurant reviews and vote on your top two choices. • Then, you will have time to discuss and come to a decision as a class.

  5. Techniques • Deliberation • Negotiation

  6. Debrief • How and why did students differ in their original opinions? • How was deliberation used, and how important was it in the decision? • How was negotiation used, and how important was it in the decision? • How was a decision finally made?

  7. Debrief • Why did the minority agree to go along with the majority? • How do you feel about the process and decision? Was the process fair? Was the decision fair? • What are the challenges of working an issue out democratically? The benefits?

  8. Class definition of democracy

  9. Democracy Defined • Government by the people • Direct democracy is not practical • More than a form of government • Way of life • An ideal goal • A process that takes years • “A work in progress”

  10. Democracy as a goal • Can one nation fore another nation to become democratic? • No: Democratization is an organic (natural) process • Yes: With enough financial and human resources, it might be possible.

  11. Making Democracy Work • Common practices • Free elections • Citizen participation • Majority rule, minority rights • Constitutional government

  12. Your task • For each of these common practices, there are certain conditions that foster these practices. • Fill out this information in your charts and then give an example (or non-example) about how the practice is shown in American democracy.

  13. Conditions that Foster Democracy • Free elections • Having more than one political party • Universal suffrage—all adult citizens can vote

  14. Conditions that Foster Democracy • Citizen Participation • High levels of education and literacy • Economic security • Freedoms of speech, press, assembly

  15. Conditions that Foster Democracy • Majority rule, minority rights • All citizens equal before the law • Shared national identity • Protection of such individual rights as freedom of religion • Representatives elected by citizens to carry out their will

  16. Conditions that Foster Democracy • Constitutional Government • Clear body of traditions and laws on which government is based • Widespread education about how government works • National acceptance of majority decisions • Shared belief that no one is above the law

  17. Democracy Project • For each of the countries in Chapter 19, you are going to assess how well it has succeeded at establishing a democracy. • You will be “grading” your country according to the criteria of a democracy. • How close has each nation come to achieving democracy?

  18. Journal #53 Where and when do you think this photograph was taken? (hint: 19-2) What are some examples of segregation (separation based on race) in modern history?

  19. Apartheid in South Africa • National Party made up of Afrikaners (white Dutch settlers) came into power in 1948 • Started apartheid, complete separation of the races • Whites had complete control of government, land, school, and voting (black Africans could not vote) • Opposition from the African National Congress (ANC)

  20. Apartheid • Read the handouts “Quick Guide to Apartheid” and “Apartheid in Practice.” • Based on American values, what do you find most upsetting? Why? • How would you feel living under these restrictions? • How did conditions compare to the treatment of African Americans in the US?

  21. End of Apartheid • Nelson Mandela, ANC leader, was put in prison for 27 years • F.W. de Klerk became president in 1989 • Released Mandela, ended apartheid, and gave all South Africans the right to vote • 1994: First free elections, Mandela became president

  22. Nelson Mandela

  23. Voting Line

  24. Journal #54 • What was apartheid? No peeking at your notes! • What was one apartheid law you remember from yesterday?

  25. Journal #55 What big event is this map depicting? How do you know? Hint: Review 19-3!

  26. End of the Cold War • We’re here! The Cold War ends in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union • How and why did this happen? • Starting with Gorbachev…

  27. Mikhail Gorbachev • Last Soviet leader

  28. Gorbachev’s Reforms • Glastnost (1985): “Openness” • Freedom of information and ideas • New freedoms of speech, press • Release of political prisoners • Perestroika (1985): “Economic restructuring” • People had more control over farms, factories • Allowed to open small businesses • More democratic rights, freer elections

  29. In your journals • As you watch the film clip, write in your journals what consequences you see of Gorbachev’s reforms.

  30. Gorbachev’s Foreign Policy • Worked with Reagan to end arms race

  31. Consequences • Parts of the Soviet Union demanded their freedom and broke up • Coup against Gorbachev failed • Boris Yeltsin elected president of Russia; Soviet Union turned into the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) • “Shock Therapy”: Shift from Communism to free markets

  32. End of Communism in Eastern Europe • Poland: • Solidarity: Labor union • Lech Walesa: Solidarity leader • 1989: Walesa democratically elected president • Germany • 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall • 1990: East and West Germany united

  33. Berlin Wall Viewing Questions • 1. Why was the Berlin Wall constructed? • 2. How did people try to escape? • 3. How did the wall “come down”?

  34. Journal #56 • What major events happened in the year 1989? Why was 1989 such a significant year for democracy? • Hint: We learned about one major event last class, and today we will learn about another!

  35. Terms for today’s lesson • Tiananmen Square: June 4, 1989 • Student uprising for democracy that led to a government crackdown and massacre • Economic freedoms, but no political freedoms: Situation in modern day China

  36. Modern Day China: Article • Read and highlight the article. • Write two comments in the margins. • Ask one thought provoking question at the end of the article. • Discuss with a partner.

  37. The Tank Man • Who was the “Tank Man”? Why is he famous and what does he represent? • Describe the “Two Chinas.” • How did the college students react to the Tank Man photograph? Why? • How does an internet search of Tiananmen Square differ in the US and China? Why?

  38. Censorship Activity • Read the article. • With a partner, censor the article. • Answer the two questions on your handout individually.

  39. Journal #57 • How does Tiananmen Square compare with the fall of the Berlin Wall? What is one similarity and one difference?

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