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Overview of Muscle Origins, Insertions, and Functions in the Human Body

This resource provides a comprehensive overview of the origins, insertions, and actions of various muscles in the human head, neck, back, and thoracic wall. It includes detailed descriptions of key muscles such as the frontalis, occipitalis, temporalis, and the sternocleidomastoid, among others. Each muscle's attachment sites and functional roles in movements are outlined, allowing for a better understanding of human anatomy and biomechanics. This material is ideal for students of anatomy and physiology who wish to deepen their knowledge.

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Overview of Muscle Origins, Insertions, and Functions in the Human Body

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  1. Lab Activity 11: Group I Muscles Martini Chapter 11 Portland Community College BI 231

  2. Origin and Insertion • Origin: The place where the fixed end attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue. • Insertion: The site where the movable end attaches to another structure.

  3. MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

  4. Frontalis Epicranial Aponeurosis • Origin:Epicranial aponeurosis • Insertion:Skin over forehead • Action:Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead

  5. Occipitalis • Origin:Occipital and temporal bones • Insertion:Epicranial aponeurosis • Action:Fixes epicranial aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

  6. Orbicularis Oculi • Origin:Medial orbital margin and zygomatic bone • Insertion:Skin surrounding eye • Action:Closes eyelids and depresses skin of forehead

  7. Temporalis • Origin:Temporal fossa • Insertion:Coronoid process of mandible • Action:Elevates and retracts mandible

  8. Masseter • Origin:Zygomatic process and arch • Insertion:Angle and ramus of mandible • Action:Elevates mandible

  9. Orbicularis Oris • Origin:By muscular skips to surround muscles • Insertion:Muscles interlace to surround mouth • Action:Closes and purses lips

  10. Zygomaticus Major • Origin:Zygomatic arch • Insertion:Corner of mouth • Action:Elevates corner of mouth

  11. Risorius • Origin:Fascia of masseter • Insertion:Corner of mouth • Action:Draws corner of mouth laterally

  12. SUPERFICIAL MUSCULATURE OF THE NECK

  13. Omohyoid • Origin:Medial tip of suprascapularnotch • Insertion: Body of hyoid bone • Action: Depresses hyoid bone

  14. Sternohyoid • Origin:Posterior surface of manubrium, and medial clavicle • Insertion:Hyoid bone • Action: Depresses hyoid bone

  15. Mylohyoid • Origin:Mylohyoid line of mandible • Insertion: Hyoid bone • Action: Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth, depresses mandible

  16. DigastricAnterior Belly • Origin:Lower border of mandible near midline • Insertion: Intermediate tendon on the hyoid bone • Action: Elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue, depresses mandible

  17. DigastricPosterior Belly • Origin:Mastoid notch of temporal bone • Insertion: Intermediate tendon on the hyoid bone • Action: Moves hyoid bone back

  18. MUSCLES OF THE NECK & BACK

  19. Sternocleidomastoid • Origin: Manubrium and medial third of clavicle • Insertion: Mastoid process • Action: Rotates head to opposite side, extends head, and flexes vertebral column

  20. Trapezius • Origin: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and spinous process of C7-T12 • Insertion: Anterior border of scapular spine, acromion process, lateral third of clavicle • Action: Elevates, adducts, and depresses scapula

  21. Latissimus Dorsi • Origin: Spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, crest of ilium • Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus • Action: Extends, rotates humerus medially, draws shoulder down and backward

  22. Levator Scapula • Origin: Transverse processes of C1-4 • Insertion: Superior angle spine of scapula • Action: Elevates scapula

  23. Rhomboid Major • Origin: Spinous process of T1-5 and supraspinous ligament • Insertion: Medial border below spine of scapula • Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

  24. Rhomboid Minor • Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1 • Insertion: Medial border of scapula at base of spine • Action: Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

  25. Serratus Anterior • Origin: Lateral surface of upper 8 ribs • Insertion: Anterior lip of medial border of scapula • Action: Holds scapula to chest wall, medially rotates scapula in abducting or extending humerus

  26. Erector Spinae • Origin: Sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae and T11,12 • Insertion: Angles of the ribs. Spinous & Transverse processes of vertebrae • Action: Extension of vertebral column

  27. Quadratus Lumborum • Origin: Iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest • Insertion: Lower border of 12th rib, transverse process of upper lumbar vertebrae • Action: Depresses rib cage inferiorly and laterally flexes trunk

  28. ScalenesAnterior • Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C6 • Insertion: 1st rib • Action: Elevates 1st rib, flexes neck forward and laterally, rotates neck

  29. ScalenesMiddle • Origin: Transverse processes of C2-C7 • Insertion: 1st rib • Action: Elevates 1st rib, flexes neck forward and laterally, rotates neck

  30. ScalenesPosterior • Origin: Transverse processes of C4-C6 • Insertion: 2nd rib • Action: Elevates 2nd rib, flexes neck laterally, slightly rotates neck

  31. MUSCLES OF THE THORACIC WALL

  32. External Intercostal • Origin:Inferior border of rib above • Insertion:Superior border of rib below • Action:Elevates rib cage during inspiration

  33. Internal Intercostal • Origin:Superior border of rib below • Insertion:Inferior border of rib above • Action:Depresses rib cage during expiration

  34. Pectoralis Major • Origin:Medial half of clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique • Insertion: Intertubular groove of humerus • Action:Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus, draws body upward in climbing

  35. Pectoralis Minor • Origin:Anterior surface of ribs 3 to 5 • Insertion:Coracoid process of scapula • Action:Draws scapula down and forward and elevates ribs

  36. MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

  37. Rectus Abdominus • Origin:Pubic symphysis and crest of pubis • Insertion:Xiphoid process and cartilages of ribs 5 to 7 • Action:Tenses abdominal wall and flexes vertebral column

  38. External Abdominal Oblique • Origin:External surface of lower 8 ribs • Insertion:Anterior half of iliac crest and linea alba • Action:Compresses abdomen, contralaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column

  39. Internal Abdominal Oblique • Origin:Lateral half of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia • Insertion:Lower four ribs, linea alba and by conjoined tendon to pubis • Action:Compresses abdomen, ipsilaterally rotates and flexes vertebral column

  40. Transverse Abdominis • Origin:Lateral third of inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia • Insertion:Linea alba, and by conjoined tendon to pubis • Action:Compresses abdomen

  41. The End The End

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