Lesson 3 : Sentences According to Function HR-TOD : English Business Writing Class

1. Lesson 3: Sentences According to Function HR-TOD: English Business Writing Class

2. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Declarative sentence • Interrogative sentence • Imperative sentence • Exclamatory sentence

3. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Declarative sentence is a sentence that gives a statement of fact, conveys information, states an idea or argues a point. It ends with a period or full stop (.). The subject normally precedes the verb.

4. Kinds of Sentences According to Function Examples: • The earth revolves around the sun. • Melissa will be back at 3 o’clock. • If I can learn, I can teach. • Women are not sex objects.

5. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks questions or requests information. It ends with a question mark (?).

6. Kinds of Sentences According to Function There are four forms of interrogative sentence: • Yes/No interrogative sentence – The sentence is introduced by helping verbs be, do and have or modal auxiliaries will, shall, would, should, can, could , may, might, must, ought to. Examples: • Is Janice coming to your party? • Have you passed your assignment?

7. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Alternative interrogative sentence is a sentence that provides two or more alternatives or choices for an answer. Examples: • Shall I call or email you? • Would you like to go to Cebu or Palawan?

8. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Wh-interrogative sentence is a sentence that is introduced by interrogative pronouns – who, whose, whom, what, which, where, when, why and how. It produces an open-ended response. Examples: • Why doesn’t the sun shine at night? • Where does the rain come from? • What does the frog eat?

9. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Tag question is a question that is attached to the ending of a declarative sentence. It consists of an auxiliary verb - do, have, be - followed by a pronoun or an existential “there” and ends with a question mark (?). Examples: • Lucy graduates this March, doesn’t she? • Your father has not retired yet, has he? • There is a lake behind your house, isn’t there?

10. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Imperative sentence is a sentence that states a command or a polite request, gives directions, warning or advice, sends a petition, asks permission or makes a suggestion. Examples: • Bring this memo to the Audit Department. (command) • Please come early tomorrow. (polite request) • Click this link to go to Activities. (instruction)

11. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Lord, please spare our country from the havoc of destruction. (Petition) • Let’s watch a movie after we finish here. (suggestion) • May I borrow your notes? (request) • Take two tablets of Neozep. (advice) • Don’t touch it: it’s hot! (warning)

12. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Note 1: The subject in imperative sentences is always an elliptical or implied “You”. • Note 2: The punctuation mark used with imperative sentences is usually a period. But there are cases in which the imperative sentence uses a question mark or an exclamation mark.

13. Kinds of Sentences According to Function Examples: • Get out of my house! (command mixed with anger) • Run! (command mixed with urgency) • May Dennis come out to play? (asking permission) • Would you please add your activities to your profile? (a polite order in question form)

14. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Exclamatory sentence is a sentence that conveys strong emotions such as anger, adoration, admiration, love, excitement, happiness, sadness, confusion, exasperation, regret and etc. It ends with an exclamation point (!)

15. Kinds of Sentences According to Function Examples: • What an irresponsible child you are! • How wonderful you are, O Lord! • What a lovely gift you have given me! • What a fast runner Ronnie is! • How fast a runner Ronnie is! • What a sad day is this for our country!

16. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Note 1: Not all exclamatory sentences follow the “What” or “How” introductory pattern. Some sentences may be introduced by interjections.

17. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • An interjection is a word added to a sentence, usually declarative, to convey an emotion or sentiment such as admiration, anger, disgust, enthusiasm, excitement, joy, pain, sorrow, etc.

18. Kinds of Sentences According to Function Examples: • Hooray, Mom’s arriving tomorrow! (excitement) • Amazing, your finishing time is almost a world record! (admiration) • Yuck, that man smells gross! (disgust) • Ouch, you pinched me! (pain) • Beloved, why do you have to die! (sorrow)

19. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Note 2: The interjection is separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma. The exclamation mark is found at the end of the declarative sentence. • Note 3: An exclamation mark at the end of a declarative sentence can change the context of the sentence.

20. Kinds of Sentences According to Function Examples: • You know you are not permitted to use my things! (anger) • I love you with all my heart! (passion) • What have you done to your face! (question accompanied by shock)

21. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Note 4: List of common interjections and what they try to express. • Alas! – grief, pity or regret • Ah! – pleasure, realization, surprise • Aha! –discovery • Argh! – anger, annoyance, frustration • Attaboy (girl)! – admiration • Aww! – admiration for something cute or sweet; sentimental approval

22. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Ay! – surprise • Bingo! – satisfaction for success or achievement • Bravo! – approval • Brrr! – feeling of coldness • Darn! – irritation, displeasure • Drat! – annoyance or frustration • Eek!–fright, panic, alarm, distress • Eureka! – triumph at a discovery

23. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Gee! –enthusiasm • Golly! – surprise, amazement or anxiety • Gosh! – surprise, amazement or pleasure • Hmm – hesitation, doubt, disagreement • Hmph–displeasure • Huh! – mild, indifferent surprise • Hurray! –excitement, joy, jubilation, victory • Hush! or Shhh! – demand for silence • Oh my! – dismay, admiration

24. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Oh well! – resigned acceptance • Oops! – acknowledgement of own mistake • Ouch! /Oww! – pain • Phew!/ Whew! – relief that something is over • Whoopee – cry of exultation and sudden excitement • Whoops – concern or embarrassment at making a mistake or a slight accident • Wow! – admiration, astonishment, being impressed

25. Kinds of Sentences According to Function • Yahoo! – joy or happiness • Yeah! – strong affirmation or approval • Yikes! – being startled, slight fear or concern • Yippee! –joy, excitement • Yo! – greetings or a call for attention • Yoo-hoo – a call for attention usually used by women • Yuck! /Ich! – disgust or dislike • Yummy! – appreciation for taste or smell

26. Kinds of Sentences According to Function:Time for an Activity • Please proceed to www.quia.com/web • On the space provided, enter your log in name, and your password. • Under “Quiz”, please select “Lesson 3, Quiz 1”. • Follow the instructions on the quiz.

27. End of Lesson 3