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Understanding the States of Matter and Phase Changes in Chemistry

This comprehensive guide covers the three primary states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. It outlines their defining characteristics, such as solids having a definite shape and volume due to strong intermolecular forces, while liquids have a definite volume but no fixed shape, and gases possess neither shape nor volume, exhibiting the weakest intermolecular forces. Additionally, the guide discusses phase changes including freezing, melting, condensation, boiling, evaporation, and sublimation. It also clarifies elements, compounds, and mixtures along with examples to enhance understanding.

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Understanding the States of Matter and Phase Changes in Chemistry

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  1. Chemistry Notes States of Matter & Phase Changes

  2. States of Matter Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Solids have very strong intermolecular forces.

  3. States of Matter Liquids have a definite volume, but no definite shape. The particles in a liquid have weaker intermolecular forces than solids.

  4. States of Matter Gases have no definite shape or volume. Gases have the weakest intermolecular forces.

  5. Phase Changes freezing – the change in state from a liquid to a solid melting – the change in state from a solid to a liquid

  6. Phase Changes condensation – the change in state from a gas to a liquid boiling – the change in state from a liquid to a gas with heat evaporation – the change in state from a liquid to a gas without heat

  7. Phase Changes sublimation – the change in state from a solid directly to a gas ex) dry ice

  8. Add to the back of the hard copy.Add to the bottom of the Word Document.

  9. Element Cannot be separated into any simpler form.Made of 1 kind of atomex. Anything on Periodic TableO, Na, Au, W, N, etc.

  10. CompoundMade of 2 or more kinds of atoms CHEMICALLY combined.Has physical and chemical properties different than original elements.Signified by a chemical formula.Ex. H2O, CO2, C6H12O6

  11. Mixture2 or more elements of compounds mixed together PHYSICALLYEach part keeps it’s own chemical identity

  12. Heterogeneous Mixture- Different throughout- ex. Muddy water, iron/sand/salt mixture

  13. Homogeneous Mixture- the same throughout- ex. Air, salt water, brass

  14. Quick Check for understanding

  15. Which letter or letters is an element?

  16. Which letter or letters is a compound?

  17. Which letter or letters is an mixture?

  18. Use the remaining class time to:- Finished element and symbol list- Organize your notes for tomorrow.- Finish Gizmo Lab answers and quiz.

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