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Climate Change; a Latin American and Caribbean Perspective.

Climate Change; a Latin American and Caribbean Perspective. Joseluis Samaniego Chief Sustainable Development Division UN Economic Commission for LAC. Characteristics of LAC. No decoupling (in general) between growth and emissions. “Sinks” are a source (ag., cattle,).

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Climate Change; a Latin American and Caribbean Perspective.

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  1. Climate Change; a Latin American and Caribbean Perspective. Joseluis Samaniego Chief Sustainable Development Division UN Economic Commission for LAC

  2. Characteristics of LAC • No decoupling (in general) between growth and emissions. • “Sinks” are a source (ag., cattle,). • Very vulnerable to natural disasters. • most of the population (75 %) is urbanized (therefore popular housing, waste, wastewater, air quality and transport are of high concern). • Good institutions, including development financial institutions: BNDES, NAFIN, CAF, BCIE,CORFO, etc.

  3. SENDERO DE EMISIONES (Kg. CO2/ US$ a precios de 2000; Kg. CO2 /Hab.) Energy Intentsity: barrels of oil/US of 2000. Emissions Intensities per GDP (red) and per capita (blue). .

  4. LAC’s emissions (per supply unit of primary energy). LAC’s emmissions per capita. Source: ECLAC with IEA Key World Energy Statistics, 2006.

  5. Changes in land-use have continued: 1990-2005 • Forest cover is down by 68,7 millon hectares • Agriculture is up by 26,5 millon has: of which, 13,8 million are permanent pastures and 12,7 million is arable lands and 42,2 million are temporary grasslands. • Cattle grew by 68,1 million • Soja grew by 22,4 million hectares Source: FAO 2007.

  6. Land Use Change in LAC Source: FAO 2007

  7. Forest loss is twice as fast than in the rest of the World

  8. What do broad development-climate change related LAC priorities seem to be? • Energy security: • Reducing demand through energy efficiency in electricity consumption and in liquid fuels use (vehicles). • Securing supply (gas and hidro may grow very slowly vis a vis other sources. Somer renewables). • Protecting the forests: REDD (incentives to arrest land use change) • Agricultural production: Reduce soils degradation. • Urban environmental quality: Improved sanitation services; water treatment (MDGs) and landfills to recover methane. • Economic security: Estimating the economic impacts of climate change ranging from the primary sector to public finance. • Socio-economic security: Preparing for more extreme weather events. • Scaling up to “programs” involving national and reginal financial institutions. • Regional coordination to protect competitiveness while making progress on environmental issues (investment criteria, efficiency standards, etc.)

  9. Where LAC could benefit more from the CC process. • Making make progres in • Rewarding net cleaner fuels like ethanol • Incentivizing forest and soils conservation • Rewarding the reorganization of mass transit systems • Support financially important national shifs in policies. • Enhancing carbon markets for a more meaningful contribution of the region to global efforts . • Facilitating access to better energy technologies (IPR, prices, funding mechanisms, etc.)

  10. ECLAC’s work for 2008-2009 • Support REDD: • research (opportunity costs, activity change), • regional and extrarregional meetings. • Support valuation of economic Impacts of CC (Mexico, Central America: income and fiscal implications). • Exploration of mitigation “Programs” (partners: Milan, Energeias, BMZ-GTZ) : • Urban: methane recovery, • Rural: cogeneration in sugar mills. • Facilitate regional disscussions (further steps like Bali POA and Club de Madrid doc.) • Discuss on Market Mecanisms Evolution (expanding scopes). • Asess energy trends. • Carry out disaster valuation. • Study trade and CC relations.

  11. Thank you for your attention. joseluis.samaniego@cepal.org Chief. Sust. Dev. Division Economic Commission for LAC

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