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Introduction to Computer System Simplified PC Block Diagram and CPU Overview

This guide provides a simplified overview of computer systems, focusing on the block diagram and the Central Processing Unit (CPU), which is often referred to as the brain of the computer. It covers the CPU's function in retrieving and interpreting program instructions from memory, as well as processor families such as Intel and AMD. Additionally, it explains RAM (Random Access Memory) as the working memory and ROM (Read Only Memory) for storing essential programs. The document also highlights processor packaging, clock speed, bus systems, and various memory packages.

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Introduction to Computer System Simplified PC Block Diagram and CPU Overview

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  1. Introduction to the Computer System

  2. Simplified PC Block Diagram

  3. CPU-Central Processing Unit • The CPU also called a processor is considered to be the brain of the computer system. • Function • To retrieve program instructions from the computers primary memory (i.e. RAM and ROM) , interpret these instructions and to generate timing and control signals to implement these instructions.

  4. Processors Families • Intel AMD • 8088 -- Athlon • 80286 -- Duron • 80386sx • 80386dx • 80486sx • 80486dx • Pentium

  5. Processor Packaging • PGA (Pin Grid Array) • SEC (Single Edge Contact)

  6. Processor Facts • Clock speed:Given in megahertz (MHz) or higher (GHz), the clock speed determines how many instructions per second the processor can execute. Also called clock rate, the speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. • BUS: A series of conductors used to facilitate communication between the various components inside the computer .

  7. RAM-Random Access Memory • This memory is considered to be the working memory of the PC. It is termed the working memory because it is used to run application programs . • Characteristics • Volatile: That is, the information stored in this memory device is lost when power is removed.

  8. Memory Packages • DIP -Dual Inline Package • SIMM-Single Inline Memory Module • DIMM – Dual Inline Memory Module • RIMM – Rambus Inline Memory Module

  9. ROM – Read Only Memory • ROM also known as BIOS is used to store programs and data that must be available to the computer when power is initially turned on . • Programs Stored in ROM • POST : Power on self test • Bootstrap Loader • Setup Utility • Device Drivers NB: BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input Output System

  10. BIOS Code Writers • AMD • AWARD • Phoenix

  11. Categories of PCs • XT- Extended Technology: This refers to a computer system built around an 8088 processor. • AT – Advanced Technology: This refers to a computers built around an 80286 or later processor

  12. Storing Configuration Information • XTs use DIP switches to store their configuration information. • ATs use CMOS RAM (NVRAM) to store their configuration information.

  13. Form Factor • Form factor refers to size, shape and general layout of computer motherboards and cases. • Types of Form Factors • AT • ATX

  14. AT Motherboard

  15. ATX Motherboard

  16. Block Diagram of Workable Computer System

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