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Adaptations in Osmoregulation: Water Balance in Arid, Wet, and Aquatic Environments

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7 diapositives · 201 Views · Nov 02, 2014

In this lesson, we explore the osmoregulatory adaptations of various animals in distinct environments such as arid, wet, saltwater, and freshwater habitats. We discuss how animals like reptiles and camels manage water retention and urine concentration in arid conditions, while marine fish regulate their salt and water balance. Freshwater species utilize different methods to expel excess water, ensuring survival in diverse ecosystems. This lecture highlights the significance of negative feedback loops in maintaining homeostasis and the unique strategies animals employ to cope with their environments.

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  1. Osmoregulation Part 2

  2. Monday • On Monday we covered 3 negative feedback loops that regulate water balance • Today: we will cover some of the adaptations found in animals that live these environments • Arid • Wet • Saltwater/ marine • Fresh water

  3. Arid • Concentrated urine • Long loop of Henley= more water filtered out of urine • Urine is Hypertonic- it has more solutes (urea, uric acid, ammonia) than other body fluid of the animal Reptiles • Larger number of kidney tubules which can be inactive if dehydrated (filtering of blood is slower) • Ureta empties into the cloaca where more water is reabsorbed (this is reptile/bird speak for the anus) • Dry faeces • Storage of water in other ways- eg. Camels have a higher water content in their blood. • The problem in arid areas is how to conserve water and stay cool (sweating a lot is not the best response)

  4. Wet • Osmoregulation in wet environments is not so problematic • BUT! • Single celled organisms will continue to absorb water via osmosis until they burst • UNLESS they have a contractile vacuole to expel excess water • Plants have cell walls to ensure that water absorbed stops

  5. Marine • Fish- • urine is isotonic (same amount of solutes as body fluids) • Drink sea water and secrete salts through the gills • Only a small amount of urine produced • Birds • Water reabsorbed in the cloaca • Salt excreted via salt glands above the eye

  6. Freshwater • Fish • urine is diluted= hypotonic • Don’t drink water • Frogs • Diluted urine in large quantities • Active transport of ions through the skin (to make up for those lost by diffusion) • Able to produce concentrated urine when conditions are dry

  7. Now let’s look at some examples! • See activity