1. Osmoregulation

2. During Shaking Before After

3. During Shaking Before After

5. Fish in Fresh Water

6. Consequences 1. Water and salt movements screw up salt concentrations in fish blood -Nerves quit functioning: Na, K, Cl -Muscles quit functioning: Na, K, Cl 2. Osmotic pressure !

9. 8.5g salt /l Bang ! Water Salt Cell moved to fresh water Cell a few moments later Cell in blood

10. Salt Salt Water Cell in salty water Cell in blood

11. Freshwater Fish

12. Freshwater Bony Fish Blood Water Salt

13. How do you get the ions to go where you want them to?

14. Use energy to pump them !!

15. Out Cl+ Na+ Cl+ Na+ Cell membrane ADP + P + Energy Pump ATP Inside Na+ Cl+

16. Pumps Foundin the gills

17. Chloride Cells Gill Filament Lamellae Chloride cells pump ions into FW fish

18. What happens if we pump a whole bunch of charged ions around?

19. Make a Trade ! + +

20. + Trade Goods Digestion Protein Energy + Ammonia (Ammonia is NH3)

21. NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- Ammonium ions Hydroxide ions Ammonia Water

22. NH4+ NH4+ NH4+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Chloride Cell Chloride Cell Chloride Cell Gill

23. - Trade Goods Sugar + Oxygen Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water Or... C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

24. CO2 + H2O HCO3- + H+ Carbon Dioxide Water Bicarbonate Ions Hydrogen Ions

25. Chloride Cell HCO3- Cl- Chloride Cell HCO3- Cl- Chloride Cell HCO3- Cl- Gill

26. Cl- Na+ K+ HCO3- NH4+ Ca++ Gill

27. What about the water ?

28. Introto KidneyFunction

29. Efferent Artery Afferent Artery Capillary Tuft Glomerulus Bowman’s Capsule Tubule Filtrate

30. Molecules too large to pass through the walls of the capillary usually stay in the blood.

31. A small undesirable molecule is allowed to escape

32. A large undesirable molecule is actively secreted into the tubule

33. A small but desirable molecule is recovered in the tubule

34. In FW Fish • Fish gain water and loose salt • Kidney • Makes a lot of dilute urine • Gills (chloride cells) • Sodium in for Ammonium out • Chloride in for Bicarbonate out • Calcium and potassium in

35. Marine Fish

36. Saltwater Bony Fish Water Salt

37. Marine Fish Gain salt, Loose water

38. Which Salts Will Enter?

41. Na+ K + Cl - Ca++ Mg ++ SO4 -- Seawater ions

42. Na+ K + Cl - Ca++ Mg ++ SO4 -- Seawater ions Monovalent Divalent

43. Cl- Na+ K+ Gill

44. To get rid of divalent ions… Marine Fish Kidney No glomerulus Mg++, Ca++, and SO4-- ions secreted into urine by tubule cells.

45. What about water loss?

46. For water, fish drink. Stomach Intestine Esophogus Seawater Marine Fish Stomach

47. Water H2O Sodium Na+ Potassium K+ Chloride Cl- To Blood Calcium Ca++ Magnesium Mg++ Seawater Intestine To Feces

48. In Ocean Fish • Fish loose water and gain salt • Drink Water • Kidney • Makes small amount of concentrated urine • Secretes divalent ions • Gills (chloride cells) • Sodium out • Chloride out • Potassium out

49. Sharks

50. Saltwater Shark Water =Trimethylamine oxide (TMO) and Urea Salt