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Constitutionalism in England 1603-1689

Constitutionalism in England 1603-1689. Tudors. War of Roses—aristocracy fought over who would control the monarchy Henry VIII r.1509-1558—strengthened power of monarchy, lots of wives, created Anglican Church

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Constitutionalism in England 1603-1689

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  1. Constitutionalismin England1603-1689

  2. Tudors • War of Roses—aristocracy fought over who would control the monarchy • Henry VIII r.1509-1558—strengthened power of monarchy, lots of wives, created Anglican Church • Queen Elizabeth r. 1558-1603 (daughter of king and Anne Boleyn and nicknamed the Virgin Queen) very able and practical ruler, used the prospect of marriage to create political alliances. Kept Mary (her half sister) Queen of Scots locked up because she thought Mary was plotting against her. Mary was the rightful heir to the throne after Elizabeth.

  3. Act of Supremacy 1559 —repealed all anti-Protestant legislation of Mary and gave Elizabeth supreme rights over spiritual affars • Puritans gave her trouble, wanted to reform the church but Elizabeth wouldn’t have it

  4. Treaty of Berwick 1586 —Elizabeth entered a defensive alliance w/Scotland and recognized James, Mary’s son (protestant) as the rightful heir to the throne • 1588—Philip II’s Spanish Armada was defeated-this was the greatest achievement of her reign • English Renaissance happened during her reigion (Shakespeare) • 1587, Elizabeth ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots

  5. James I of England1603-1625 (aka James VI of Scotland) • 1st thing he told Parliament—”Do not try to challenge me” • King has the power to dismiss Parliament but Parliament has control of revenues—this will be a constant battle in the coming years • Puritans were more demanding of reforms, many left to found a colony in MA

  6. Charles I • Politically inept • Parliament would only grant him customs duties for one year instead of the life of the monarch which was tradition • Due to military failures, he asked Parliament for more $--they didn’t give it to him • Parliament forced him to sign Petition of Rights—no $ w/out consent of Parliament, no imprisonment w/out just cause, no martial law against citizens

  7. Charles dissolves Parliament and rules 11 years w/out them, collecting ship money • When he tried to impose religious changes on the Scots, they rebelled. Charles called back Parliament to ask for $ (Short Parliament)—they said no • He called them again (Long Parliament), they gave him a list of grievances called Grand Remonstrance –Charles fled

  8. English Civil War • Roundheads vs. Cavaliers • Oliver Cromwell supported Parliament, and with his New Model Army, captures Charles I • Rump Parliament (all Presbyterians removed) condemned Charles and he was executed

  9. Oliver Cromwell1649-1660 • Known as “The Commonwealth” • Military dictatorship, he was Lord Protector • Had religious troubles to deal with • Parliament was difficult to control

  10. Charles II • Church of England restored as official church but signed a secret treaty w/France in which he agreed to make England Catholic • Parliament grew suspicious of Charles and passed the Test Act of 1673—only Anglicans could hold public office

  11. James II1685-1688 • Catholic • Repealed the Test Act • He appeared to champion religious toleration but this was deceptive—he really wanted to bring back royal absolutism • He fathered a child which made Parliament nervous—they didn’t want to continue w/Catholic kings

  12. Glorious Revolution • Political elite invited William of Orange and Mary to take over the throne. They had to sign the Bill of Rights, recognizing the supremacy of Parliament and agree to other acts (Act of Toleration, Mutiny Act, Act of Settlement, Act of Union)

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