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Instrumental Conditioning II

Instrumental Conditioning II. What is learned?. Reinforcement “stamps in” this connection. Thorndike:. S. R. What is learned?. Edwin Guthrie: Contiguity theory, reinforcement doesn’t do much of anything (directly). S. R. O. What is learned?. S. R. ?. 2-Process Theory. operant. O.

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Instrumental Conditioning II

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  1. Instrumental Conditioning II

  2. What is learned? Reinforcement “stamps in” this connection Thorndike: S R

  3. What is learned? Edwin Guthrie: Contiguity theory, reinforcement doesn’t do much of anything (directly) S R

  4. O What is learned? S R ?

  5. 2-Process Theory operant O S R Pavlovian

  6. 2-Process Theory operant S R Pavlovian CR

  7. Evidence for 2-process theory Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer Phase 1 Phase 2 Test LeverO LightO Light: Lever? No CS: Lever? # Presses Light No CS

  8. ? O ? What is learned? S R

  9. Left # Presses Right Light Noise SO Trapold Phase 1 Phase 2 Test R LeverPellet TonePellet Tone:Left? Right? L LeverSucrose LightSucrose Light:Left? Right?

  10. RO Colwill & Rescorla (1986) Phase 1 Devaluation Test Push LeftPellet Pellet+LiCl Right? Push RightSucrose Sucrose+LiCl Left?

  11. What is a reinforcer? Thorndike: A stimulus that produces a “satisfying state of affairs” Operational Definition (behaviorists): That which increases the probability of the response that preceded it.

  12. Can we be more precise? The Drive-Reduction hypothesis Servomechanism: device that maintains a controlled variable within a set range

  13. Drive Reduction Theory Set Point Seek water/ don’t seek water Amt of H2O in body drives

  14. Drive Reduction Considered: Are reinforcers necessary for survival? • Sensory stimulation is a reinforcer • Monkeys work for visual access • Eating to excess • Drugs of Abuse • “Pleasure centers” of the brain

  15. Behavioral Regulation View: The Premack Principle • Behaviors are reinforcing, not stimuli • To predict what will be reinforcing, observe the baseline frequency of different behaviors • Highly probable behaviors will reinforce less probable behaviors

  16. Premack Revised: The Response Deprivation Hypothesis • Timberlake & Allison (1974) • Low frequency behaviors can reinforce high frequency behaviors • All behaviors have a preferred frequency • Deprivation below that frequency is aversive.

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