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The Chemical Building Blocks

The Chemical Building Blocks. 3.5 Lipids. Lipids: Fats & Oils . Lipids. energy storage. Lipids . Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain Diverse group fats phospholipids steroids Do not form polymers big molecules made of smaller subunits not a continuing chain.

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The Chemical Building Blocks

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  1. The Chemical Building Blocks • 3.5 Lipids

  2. Lipids: Fats & Oils

  3. Lipids energy storage

  4. Lipids • Lipids are composed of C, H, O • long hydrocarbon chain • Diverse group • fats • phospholipids • steroids • Do not form polymers • big molecules made of smaller subunits • not a continuing chain fat

  5. enzyme Fat subunits • Structure: • glycerol (3C alcohol) +fatty acid • fatty acid = long HC “tail” with COOH group at “head” dehydration synthesis

  6. Building Fats • Triacylglycerol • 3 fatty acids linked to glycerol • ester linkage = between OH & COOH

  7. enzyme enzyme enzyme Dehydration synthesis dehydration synthesis

  8. Why do humanslike fatty foods? Fats store energy • Long HC chain • polar or non-polar? • hydrophilic or hydrophobic? • Function: • energy storage • very rich • 2x carbohydrates • cushion organs • insulates body • think whale blubber!

  9. Saturated fats • All C bonded to H • No C=C double bonds • long, straight chain • most animal fats • solid at room temp. • contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits

  10. Unsaturated fats • C=C double bonds in the fatty acids • plant & fish fats • vegetable oils • liquid at room temperature • the kinks made by doublebonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together mono-unsaturated? poly-unsaturated?

  11. Saturated vs. unsaturated saturated unsaturated 

  12. Phospholipids • Structure: • glycerol + 2 fatty acids + PO4 • PO4 negatively charged It’s just like apenguin… A head at one end & a tail at the other!

  13. Phospholipids • Hydrophobic or hydrophilic? • fatty acid tails = hydrophobic • PO4 = hydrophilic head • dual “personality” It likes water & also pushes it away! interaction with H2O is complex & very important!

  14. Phospholipids in water • Hydrophilic heads attracted to H2O • Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2O • can self-assemble into “bubbles” • bubble = “micelle” • can also form bilayer • early evolutionary stage of cell? bilayer

  15. Why is this important? • Phospholipids create a barrier in water • define outside vs. inside • cell membranes

  16. Phospholipids & cells • Phospholipids of cell membrane • double layer = bilayer • hydrophilic heads on outside • in contact with aqueous solution outside of cell and inside of cell • hydrophobic tails on inside • form core • forms barrier between cell & external environment

  17. Steroids • ex: cholesterol, sex hormones • 4 fused C rings • different steroids created by attachingdifferentfunctional groups to rings cholesterol

  18. Cholesterol • Important cell component • animal cell membranes • precursor of all other steroids • including vertebrate sex hormones • high levels in blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease

  19. Cholesterol helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible Important component of cell membrane

  20. From Cholesterol  Sex Hormones • What a big difference a few atoms can make!

  21. Let’s build some Lipids!

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