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Exemplars. Cinematography?the art of film making?Un Homme et une Femme"Handheld Expertise ? The New Wave?Three O'clock High"Visual Metaphor ? Big as a BuildingBasic Sequence Concept Glencoe Buen Viaje VideoMontage Sequence Concept?Koyaanisqatsi". Basic Cinematography. Shot SizeExtreme clo
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1. TIP Video Workshop2004-05CinematographyBasic SequenceMontage Sequence Created by
Peter Vince
Toledo High School
Language Arts/Spanish/Video Production
2. Exemplars Cinematographythe art of film making
Un Homme et une Femme
Handheld Expertise The New Wave
Three Oclock High
Visual Metaphor Big as a Building
Basic Sequence Concept
Glencoe Buen Viaje Video
Montage Sequence Concept
Koyaanisqatsi
3. Basic Cinematography Shot Size
Extreme close up part of the face
Close up the face
Medium waist up
Full complete body
Long Shot person in a near environment
Interior
Exterior
Landscape person in a large environment
4. Basic Cinematography Camera Angle
High Angle camera looks down on subject
Eye Level camera looks straight on to subject
Low Angle camera looks up to subject
Effects of Camera Angles
High tends to make subject smaller
Eye tends to show equivalences
Low tends to make subject larger
5. Basic Cinematography Camera Movement
Static Shot no movement; most common shot
Pan camera moves left and right on the horizontal plane
Tilt camera moves up and down on the vertical plane
Tracking camera moves along with the subject
Tripod shot camera is mounted on a tripod to insure steadiness and smoothness of movement
Handheld camera is held by camera operator; results in a more intimate feelvery hard to do well
Zoom change in focal length of lens to move closer or farther away from the subject
6. Basic Cinematography Clean Exit/Clean Entrance
Leading Lookpsychological space
Head Room/Nose Room
Cutting on the Action
Pacing
10 second shots = 6 shots a minute
5 second shots = 12 shots a minute
3 second shots = 20 shots a minute
Rule of Thirds
7. A Blank Storyboard SheetShowing the Rule of Thirds
8. Basic Cinematography Balancemasses/colors
Leading Lines
Frames within frames
Crossing the line and screen direction
9. Crew Roles
Director
the boss of the set
Producer
the boss of the production
keeps deadlines
makes all arrangements for props, costumes, etc.
funds project
Writer
writes the script and storyboard
Talent
whoever is in front of the camera; main stars
Director of Photography
helps director
Decide on camera angles, movement, shot size
consults storyboard
tells camera operator what to do
Camera Operator
operates the camera
consults with Director of Photography
10. Crew Roles Lighting Director
works with Director and Director of Photography to:
determine the placement of lights
light the shot according to the script and storyboard
Continuity
works with Producer and Director to:
determine the shooting sequence for each day;
compose the slatethe statement of the shot number and take;
make sure Talent doesnt compromise their blocking from one shot or take to the next
Electrician
makes sure that power is available on the set;
batteries and extension cords
Grip
holds and transports equipment
monitors light stands, tripod, etc.
helps out where directed
11. Production Cycle Pre-Production
The Shoot
Post Production
Evaluation/Critique
12. Production CyclePre-Production
__________ brainstorm 4-6 ideas (5 points)
__________ consensus (5 points)
__________ project pitch--in 25 words (5 points)
__________ project pitch--revision (5 points)
__________ character description (10 points)
__________ plot pyramid (10 points)
__________ storyboard script -- ss, cm, ca, dialog, etc. (20 points)
__________ A-V script (20 points)
__________ location map with camera setups (10 points)
__________ prop list, equipment list, crew roles (10 points)
__________ costumes (5 points)
__________ permissions (5 points)
13. Production CycleThe Shoot __________ sign up for the equipment (5 points)
__________ collect the equipment (5 points)
__________ collect props and costumes (5 points)
__________ have script in possession on shoot (15 points)
__________ log shots during the shoot (10 points)
__________ shoot the shots (50 points)
__________ return equipment condition/storage (5 points)
__________ appropriate permissions in hand (5 points)
__________ problems reported (5 points)
14. Production CyclePost-production __________ capture clips to computer (15 points)
__________ music/sound FX selected and captured (15 points)
__________ 15 seconds of black (pre and post roll) (5 points)
__________ creation of titles (15 points)
__________ creation of credits (15 points)
__________ editing (45 points)
Trim and order clips
Add effects
Add transitions
__________ export project to tape
__________ author CD/DVD
15. Production CycleCritique/Evaluation __________ meeting project criteria (20 points)
__________ completing evaluation score sheet (20 points)
__________ overall cinematography
(evaluated by instructor) (40 points)
__________ project presentation to class (and others) (20 points)
16. Basic Sequence Presents action in a standardized, comprehensible way
Consists of a series of specific shots:
Establishing Shot
Medium Shot
Cutaway
Close up
Cutaway
Wide Shot
17. Basic Sequence Illustrated
18. Basic Sequence Tips Cutaways enhance story line by focusing on details and providing pacing
Establishing shots must show everything that is important for a particular subject
WideMediumClose Up (Repeat)
Each new shot in the sequence should involve a change in shot size and camera angle
Maintain Screen Direction of each subject
19. Basic Sequence Change in Image Size and Angle
20. Montage Sequence A series of images/shots arranged to create a particular mood rather than a narrative
Can have a theme or point
Often set to music
Images are often juxtaposed to highlight contrast and conflict
If the Basic Sequence is Video Prose, then a Montage Sequence is Video Poetry
21. Practice Tasks Complete pre-production for a basic sequence where two characters meet
Complete a pre-production for a montage sequence illustrating autumn
22. Project Ideas Narrative simple stories
Basic Plots
Beginning Middle End
Plot Pyramids
Exposition Rising Action Complication Climax Falling Action Resolution
Poetry
Lines from poems illustrated by video images or digital stills or student artwork
23. Project Ideas Commercials and Public Service Announcements
Commercials/Parodies of commercials
PSAs Presented in the Public Good
Video Scavenger Hunt
Music Montage
School Montage/Event Montage
Student Development Montage
24. Project Ideas Client Projects
Video Coaching
Sports Highlight Videos
Field Trips
Video Tours
Arts Performance Videos
25. Project Ideas Video Book Report
Curriculum Projects
Based on content from another class
Oral Histories
TV News/Documentaries
26. Bibliography
Joanou, Phillip. Three Oclock High. 1987.
Lelouch, Claude. A Man and A Woman. 1966.
Reggio, Godfrey. Koyaanisqatsi. 1983.
Rosenkranz, Patrick. The Classroom Video Producers Guidebook. Portland, Maine: J. Weston Walch, 1995. ISBN 0-8251-2553-7
Schroeppel, Tom. The Bare Bones Camera Course for Film and Video. Tampa, Florida: 1995. ISBN 0-9603718-1-8
This Power Point Presentation is available on line at: www.lincoln.k12.or.us/toledohs/lcsdtip/video/workshopone/frame.htm