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Bones of the Face

Bones of the Face. External (landmark) Bones of the Face Incisive (2) Lacrimal (2) Mandible (1 or 2) Maxillary (2) Nasal (2) Zygomatic (2) Internal (hidden) Bones of the Face Palantine (2) Pterygoid (2) Turbinates (4) Vomer (1). External Bones of the Face. Incisive:

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Bones of the Face

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  1. Bones of the Face • External (landmark) Bones of the Face • Incisive (2) • Lacrimal (2) • Mandible (1 or 2) • Maxillary (2) • Nasal (2) • Zygomatic (2) • Internal (hidden) Bones of the Face • Palantine (2) • Pterygoid (2) • Turbinates (4) • Vomer (1)

  2. External Bones of the Face • Incisive: • Also called pre__________ bones • Most ___________ skull bones • In common domestic animals, this bone houses upper incisor teeth. (Ruminants have a dental pad instead) • Nasal: • Forms the _________ of the nose. • Length depends on the animal.

  3. External Bones of the Face • Maxillary • Form the ________ jaw with incisive bone • House all teeth besides incisors • Forms rostral part of ________ palate • contains maxillary sinus • Lacrimal • Two bones that form medial portion of the ________ of the eye. • Contains lacrimal sac which is part of tear system.

  4. External Bones of the Face • Zygomatic • aka malar bones • form portion of orbit • join with temporal bone to form zygomatic ______ • Mandible • lowerjaw • houses all lower teeth • only __________ skull bone • forms TMJ with temporal bone • 2 bones come together at mandibular ________________ • fused into one bone in horses and swine • 2 parts: ramus and shaft • Ramus = caudal, vertical part • Shaft = contains teeth, horizontal part

  5. Internal Bones of the Face • ____________________ Bones: • Make up caudal part of _____ palate • ____________________ Bones: • Support part of the lateral walls of the ________ (throat). • ____________________Bone: • Forms part of nasal septum (midline wall between left and right nasal passages). • _____________________: • Also called nasal conchae. • Thin and scroll-like that fill most of nasal cavity space.

  6. Hyoid Bone • Also called hyoid _____________ • Supports base of tongue, the pharynx, and the larynx and assists in swallowing. • Composed of several parts that are united by cartilage.

  7. Spinal Column (aka vertebral column) • Vertebraethat extend from skull to tip of tail. • Divided into 5 sections: • Cervical (neck, C) • Thoracic (chest, T) • Lumbar (abdomen, L) • Sacral (pelvis, S) • Coccygeal (tail, Cy) • Refer to vertebrae by letter designation and number designation.

  8. VERTEBRAE CHARACTERISTICS • Body • The main, ventral portion of the bone. • Separated from other vertebrae by intervertebral ________ of _________ cartilage. • Arch • dorsal to body • helps to make up _______ ________ which allows passage of the spinal cord.

  9. VERTEBRAE CHARACTERISTICS • Transverse Processes • Two processes that project laterally • Site of muscle attachment. • Articular Processes • On cranial and caudal ends of vertebrae, form intervertebral joint • Spinous Processes • Single and projects dorsally

  10. Cervical Vertebrae • Neck region • ______ vertebrae in all domestic animals • _________ is C1 • Holds up head. • Has ________ that can be palpated • Has no vertebral body, just is a ring which spinal cord passes through. • ________ is C2 • Has large blade-like spinous process and a ______ that fits into atlas

  11. Thoracic Vertebrae • Chest region • Have tall __________ processes. • Number of vertebrae = number pairs of _______ • Have articular facets which communicate with the ribs. • Dorsal to abdominal region. • Most massive-looking bones in spinal column. • Bodies are large and bulky • Prominent cranial-directed ___________ processes Lumbar Vertebrae

  12. Sacral Vertebrae • 3 - 5 vertebrae fused together to form one single, solid structure. • Called the _________. • Joins pelvis via sacroiliac joint. Coccygeal Vertebrae • Bones of the tail. • Cranial vertebrae have arches, bodies and processes, caudal vertebrae are rods of bone • In humans fuse into coccyx.

  13. Ribs • Flat bones that form the lateral walls of the thorax. • Usually the number of ribs is equal to the number of thoracic vertebrae. • Dorsal ends form moveable joints which is allows lungs to expand. • Term for rib is ____________. • ____________ ribs aka “true ribs”attach to sternum • ____________ ribs aka “false ribs”make up caudal part of thorax. • Unattached ribs are called ____________ ribs.

  14. Breastbone • Made up of sternebrae. • Most cranial sternebrae is _________________ • Most caudal sternebrae is called _____________ process. STERNUM

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