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Non-Communicable Diseases

Non-Communicable Diseases. Non-Communicable Diseases. Disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment Cardiovascular Disease is one of the most common and preventable diseases. Cancer. Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells More than 100 types

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Non-Communicable Diseases

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  1. Non-Communicable Diseases

  2. Non-Communicable Diseases • Disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment • Cardiovascular Disease is one of the most common and preventable diseases

  3. Cancer • Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells • More than 100 types • Occurs because of DNA damage • A buildup can cause a tumor • Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body • 2 types: benign and malignant • Benign grows slowly and is noncancerous but could interfere with normal body functions • Malignant spreads to other tissues and is cancerous • Metastasis • Malignant tumors spread throughout the body, divide, and form new tumors

  4. Types of Cancer • Lymphomas – affect immune system • Leukemias – affect blood-forming organs • Carcinomas – affect glands and body linings including skin • Sarcomas – affect connective tissues

  5. Risk Factors for Cancer • Exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing substance) • Tobacco and UV light are most common • Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain at least 43 different carcinogens • 215,000 new cases of lung cancer related to smoking are diagnosed each year • Radiation (UV light) • Skin that is tanned is your skin’s reaction to damage from the UV light

  6. Risk Factors for Cancer • STD’s • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer • Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer • Dietary Factors • High fat, low fiber diets often linked with colon, breast, and prostate cancers • Heredity • Family history can determine if you are at a higher risk

  7. Treatments for Cancer • Surgery to remove cancerous masses • Radiation therapy uses radioactive substances to kill cancer cells and shrink cancerous masses • Chemotherapy uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells • Immunotherapy activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them • Hormone therapy uses medicines to interfere with the production of certain hormones that facilitate cancer growth.

  8. Diabetes • Type 1 and Type 2 • A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert sugar into energy • Pancreas produces too little or no insulin • Insulin helps glucose enter body cells • Type 1 accounts for 5 – 10% of all diabetes cases • Body fails to produce insulin and glucose builds up in the blood • Cells begin attacking and destroying cells in the pancreas that produce insulin • Daily doses of insulin are required through injections or a specially attached pump

  9. Diabetes • Type 2 accounts for 90-95% of all cases • Usually appears in adults over age 40 • Disease is developing in younger adults, teens, and children • Body is unable to use insulin properly or is not making enough • Low-fat, low-calorie foods rich in protein and limited in carbohydrates and regular physical activity help manage diabetes

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