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Chapter 14 Study Guide Review

8 th Grade. Chapter 14 Study Guide Review. 1. All particles of matter have _______ ______. Kinetic energy 2. Measure of the average kinetic energy of those particles. Temperature 3. As the temperature of a liquid decreases what happens to the volume of the thermometer? The volume decreases

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Chapter 14 Study Guide Review

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  1. 8th Grade Chapter 14 Study Guide Review

  2. 1. All particles of matter have _______ ______. • Kinetic energy • 2. Measure of the average kinetic energy of those particles. • Temperature • 3. As the temperature of a liquid decreases what happens to the volume of the thermometer? • The volume decreases • 4. As the temperature of a liquid increases, what happens to the volume of the thermometer? • The volume increases

  3. 5. What are the three common temperature scales? • Fahrenheit Scale, Celsius Scale, Kelvin Scale • 6. What are the boiling and freezing points of each of the three scales? • Fahrenheit- Boiling (212 degrees F) • Fahrenheit- Freezing (32 degrees F) • Celsius- Boiling (100 degrees C) • Celsius- Freezing (0 degrees C) • Kelvin- Boiling (373 K) • Kelvin- Freezing (273 K)

  4. 7. Heat is always transferred from a ________ object to a _________. • Warmer object to a cooler object. • 8. What is specific heat? • The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material by 1 kelvin. • 9. A material with a _________ specific heat can absorb a great deal of thermal energy without a great change in temperature. • High

  5. 10. What is the specific heat of sand? Water? • Sand – 800 J(kg*K) • Water- 4,180 J(kg*K) • 11. Why is the sand at the beach so much hotter than the ocean water? • Water requires more heat to raise its temperature than sand does. • 12. The heat from a metal pot boiling water on the stove transferring heat to a metal spoon would be an example of which type of heat transformation. • Conduction

  6. 13. A fireplace warming a room is an example of what type of heat transformation. • Convection • 14. All of the sun’s energy reaching the Earth millions of kilometers away is an example of what type of energy transformation. • Radiation • 15. A _________ transfers thermal energy well. • Conductor • 16. An _________ does not transfer thermal energy well. • Insulator

  7. 17. What are some examples of good conductors? • Silver and stainless steel • 18. What are some examples of good insulators? • Wool, wood, straw and paper • 19. Most matter on Earth can exist in three states which are _______, ______ and _____. • Solid, liquid and gas

  8. 20. What has to happen in order for matter to change from one state to another? • Thermal energy is absorbed or released • 21. The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid. • Melting Point • 22. The temperature at which matter changes from a liquid to a solid. • Freezing Point • 23. Vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid. • Evaporation

  9. 24. Vaporization that occurs below the surface of a liquid. • Boiling • 25. Beads of water appearing on the outside of cold drinking glass is an example of what? • Condensation • 26. What do heat engines transform _________ to __________. • Thermal to mechanical

  10. 27. What is the difference between internal and external combustion engines? • Internal Combustion Engines – burn fuel in cylinders. Example- diesel and gasoline engines. • External Combustion Engines- burn fuel outside the engine in a boiler. Example- steam engine. • 28. What are the 4 components of a refrigerator? • 1. Evaporator • 2. Compressor • 3. condenser • 4. Expansion Valve

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