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Understanding Mark-Room and Obstructions in Sailing

Learn about the rules and concepts surrounding mark-room and obstructions in sailing. Explore scenarios and understand the application of rules 18 and 19.

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Understanding Mark-Room and Obstructions in Sailing

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  1. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We’re rounding! (and also passing) Section Start Main Menu

  2. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We’re approaching the windward mark, which is to be rounded to port, onto a deep reach. We are GREEN, and RED is overlapped inside us. Is she entitled to mark-room? No, because of rule 18.1(a) – the boats are on opposite tacks on a beat to windward. Also because of rule 18.1(b) – RED will have to tack, GREEN won’t.So no part of rule 18 applies. Nothing here limits the application of rule 10, and RED, on port must keep clear under rule 10. Section Start Main Menu

  3. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions This is the ‘top mark’ of an ‘outer loop’ of a trapezoid course. GREEN is reaching to it from the windward mark. RED is beating towards it from the loop’s ‘bottom mark’. They are overlapped. Does GREEN have to give mark-room to RED? No. They are on opposite tacks, and RED will have to tack to round the mark, while GREEN does not need to tack. Rule 18.2(b) says that rule 18 does not apply. RED will break rule 10 if she luffs, or rule 13 if she passes head to wind and does not keep clear of GREEN. Section Start Main Menu

  4. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions RED had entered the zone well ahead of GREEN. They meet while RED is leaving the mark while GREEN is approaching the mark. Does GREEN have to give mark-room to RED? NO. RED had been too far ahead. Rule 18 does not apply because Rule 18.1(c) says so when one boat is leaving a mark and meets another boat approaching it. Rule 10 applies, RED is on port tack and must keep clear. Section Start Main Menu

  5. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • As we will see, at most marks, their three-length zone may be important when questions of room arise, and the room to be given at marks is a special type of room called ‘mark-room’. • Very occasionally, a mark may big enough (or long enough) to be also a CONTINUING OBSTRUCTION. • It could be a small island if it has to be rounded. • It could be a large island, like the Isle of Wight in a race round the Island. • It could even be a continent. (‘Leave Antarctica to starboard’ – Vendée Globe sailing instructions). • It could be any structure of sufficient length if it’s a mark. • In all these exceptional cases, the right to room is dealt with under rule 19.2(c), which deals with room at continuing obstructions. Rule 18 does not apply, and there is no ‘zone’. Section Start Main Menu

  6. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • 18.2 Giving Mark-Room • When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. • If boats areoverlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. • These are the core rules related to the giving of mark-room • Either rule 18.2(a) or 18.2(b) applies, but not both • Rule 18.2(b) is probably more likely to apply than rule 18.2(a), as we’ll see • We meet two new defined terms – Mark-Room and Zone. Let’s look at them Section Start Main Menu

  7. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • Mark-Room • Room for a boat to sail to the mark • and then room to sail her proper course while at the mark. • However, mark-room does not include room to tack unless the boat is overlapped to windward and on the inside of the boat required to give mark-room. • We will look at examples of this as we meet them. Within the definition Mark-Room, the term Room is used in its defined sense • Room • The space a boat needs in the existing conditions while manoeuvring promptly in a seamanlike way. Section Start Main Menu

  8. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • Zone • The area around a mark within a distance of three hull lengths of the boat nearer to it. A boat is in the zone when any part of her hull is in the zone. • Rule 86.1(b) • …the sailing instructions may change to ‘two’ or ‘four’ the number of hull lengths determining the zone around marks, provided that the number is the same for all marks and all boats using those marks… • the ‘zone’ concept applies only at marks to which rule 18 applies, and not at obstructions to which rule 19 applies • clubs that share marks where two races may meet must be careful not to make different provisions Section Start Main Menu

  9. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • 18.2 Giving Mark-Room • When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. • If boats areoverlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. • Which rule applies here? • They are too far apart for any right-of-way rule to be relevant. Section Start Main Menu

  10. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • 18.2 Giving Mark-Room • When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. • If boats areoverlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. • Which rule applies here? • Rule 18 does not apply, as they are beating on opposite tacks (rule 18.1(a)) • Rule 10 requires BLUE on port to keep clear of YELLOW on starboard Section Start Main Menu

  11. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • 18.2 Giving Mark-Room • When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. • If boats areoverlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. • Which rule applies here? • They are now on the same tack, so rule 18 now applies • Rule 18.2(b) does not apply, as no part of rule 18 applied at zone entry Section Start Main Menu

  12. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • 18.2 Giving Mark-Room • When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. • If boats areoverlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. • Which rule applies here? • Since rule 18 applies, but rule 18.2(b) does not apply, it is rule 18.2(a) that applies. BLUE has right of way but must give mark-room to YELLOW Section Start Main Menu

  13. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We are YELLOW, and BLUE is overlapped inside us when the first of us reaches the zone. Do we have to give her mark -room? YES, under rule 18.2(b). If boats are overlapped when the first of themreaches the zone, the outside boat at thatmoment shall thereafter give the inside boatmark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. What is ‘mark-room’? Section Start Main Menu

  14. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Mark-Room is, first of all, room to sail ‘to the mark’. BLUE will need to luff a little to sail to the mark, and we in YELLOW must also luff to keep clear of her while she does. Once BLUE is ‘at the mark’, what now must YELLOW do? She must give room to BLUE to ‘sail her proper course while at the mark’. Is BLUE required to sail no higher than a proper course round the mark? Only if BLUE’s overlap was from clear astern, and rule 17 applies. If BLUE does NOT bear away, YELLOW’s obligation to give BLUE room is overtaken by YELLOW’s unchanged obligation to keep clear as a windward boat. RULE 18 DOES NOT OVERRIDE SECTION A RULES. Section Start Main Menu

  15. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Another pair of boats approaches the windward mark. Yellow completes a tack to a clear-ahead position before she enters the zone. Which rules apply? Rule 10 (port and starboard) at first then rule 13 (tacking) then rule 12 (clear ahead and clear astern), with rule 15, Acquiring Right of Way Favours BLUE Then still rule 12, and also rules 18.2(b) and (c) Now favours YELLOW Section Start Main Menu

  16. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Yet another pair of boats approaches the windward mark. Yellow completes a tack to a clear-ahead position inside the two-length zone. Which rules apply? Rule 15, as before rule 12 as before but then rule 18.3, Tacking at a Mark, and NOT rule 18.2(b) or (c) BLUE is favoured throughout as long as she keeps clear Section Start Main Menu

  17. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Yet another pair of boats approaches the windward mark. Yellow completes a tack to a clear-ahead position inside the two-length zone. Which rules apply? Rule 15, as before rule 12 as before but then rule 18.3, Tacking at a Mark, and NOT rule 18.2(b) or (c) BLUE is favoured throughout as long as she keeps clear What if BLUE has to take avoiding action? Section Start Main Menu

  18. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions YELLOW infringes if she forces BLUE above close-hauled Yet another pair of boats approaches the windward mark. Yellow completes a tack to a clear-ahead position inside the two-length zone. Which rules apply? Rule 15, as before rule 12 as before but then rule 18.3, Tacking at a Mark, and NOT rule 18.2(b) or (c) BLUE is favoured throughout as long as she keeps clear What if BLUE has to take avoiding action? YELLOW must not stop BLUE from passing mark, must give BLUE mark-room Section Start Main Menu

  19. Start Section Start show We’re passing!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Down the reach, there’s an inconveniently moored motor cruiser. We are BLUE. Our course will take us astern of it. YELLOW does not hail for room to pass it. Do we in BLUE have to give room to YELLOW? YES, the moored boat is an obstruction, we are overlapped, we can give room, so we must. No hail needed. Section Start Main Menu

  20. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We’ve reached the gybe mark. We are the BLUE boat. Our proper course to the next mark requires us to gybe. Must we gybe? Yes. We must not sail beyond a proper course round the mark – rule 18.4. Section Start Main Menu

  21. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We’ve reached the gybe mark. We are the BLUE boat. Our proper course to the next mark requires us to gybe. Must we gybe? Yes. We must not sail beyond a proper course round the mark – rule 18.4. 18.4 Gybing When an inside overlapped right-of-way boat must gybe at a mark to sail her proper course, until she gybes she shall sail no farther from the mark than needed to sail that course. Rule 18.4 does not apply at a gate mark. Section Start Main Menu

  22. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We’re approaching the port-hand leeward mark, after which the course is a beat. The race committee is signalling that the windward mark has been moved to a new bearing. How it’s done Section Start Main Menu

  23. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We’re approaching the port-hand leeward mark, after which the course is a beat. RED on port reaches the zone ahead of GREEN. Until then, which boat had right of way? And which boat now has right of way? Section Start Main Menu

  24. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We’re approaching the port-hand leeward mark, after which the course is a beat. RED on port reaches the zone ahead of GREEN. Until then, which boat had right of way? And which boat now has right of way? Before RED reached the zone, GREEN had right of way under rule 10. After RED reached the zone, GREEN still has right of way under rule 10. But GREEN must now give RED mark-room. Section Start Main Menu

  25. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We’re approaching the port-hand leeward mark, after which the course is a beat. RED on port reaches the zone ahead of GREEN. Until then, which boat had right of way? And which boat now has right of way? Although they are on opposite tacks, RED is clear ahead of GREEN. When RED reaches the zone clear ahead, Rule 18.2(b) requires GREEN clear astern to give RED mark-room - room to sail to the mark and room while at the mark to sail her proper course . Rule 18.2(c) deters GREEN from trying to get a late inside overlap. Section Start Main Menu

  26. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions RED, which has been forced wide by BLUE and YELLOW inside her, hails ‘No room!’ to GREEN. Is she correct? No room! Section Start Main Menu

  27. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions RED, which has been forced wide by BLUE and YELLOW inside her, hails ‘No room!’ to GREEN. Is she correct? In turning for the mark, RED’s transom line has swept round to create an overlap before she enters the zone. If they meet at the mark , GREEN is entitled to room from RED under rule 18.2(b). HOWEVER – if in a protest the protest committee finds that was found that RED was initially clear ahead, and was unsure whether GREEN had established an overlap in time, it is to presume that she did not. No room! Section Start Main Menu

  28. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions YELLOW enters the two-length zone clear ahead of BLUE. YELLOW starts to round well wide of the mark. BLUE, sailing faster, goes for the gap Is she allowed to do this? BLUE is not entitled to mark-room, but she can take the room given, at her own risk. Section Start Main Menu

  29. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions YELLOW now luffs hard, and BLUE hits both YELLOW and the mark, no damage or injury. There is a protest. No penalty is taken BLUE claims that YELLOW did not give BLUE room to keep clear as required by rule 16.1, Changing Course. YELLOW agrees! Your decision? Penalize BLUE? Penalize YELLOW? Penalize both? Section Start Main Menu

  30. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions YELLOW was clear ahead at the zone, BLUE was not entitled to mark-room. Indeed BLUE had to give YELLOW mark-room. Rule 18.5(b) exonerates a boat that breaks rule 16 while rounding a mark on her proper course. Penalise BLUE under: • Rule 11, for not keeping clear • Rule 18.2(c) for not continuing to give the mark-room YELLOW was entitled to under rule 18.2(b) • Rule 31, for touching the mark Section Start Main Menu

  31. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions GREEN would like to come in wide, to come out tight on the mark, but RED is nearby. Section Start Main Menu

  32. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions GREEN would like to come in wide, to come out tight on the mark, but RED is nearby. So, some while later, would YELLOW, but BLUE is nearby. Are their situations different under the rules? Section Start Main Menu

  33. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions GREEN has right of way (starboard), can go wide until required to gybe. RED must do more than give mark-room – she must keep clear YELLOW is give-way (windward), BLUE must give mark-room - enough for YELLOW to sail her proper course while at the mark Section Start Main Menu

  34. We’re passing!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We are BLUE, on starboard tack. RED is not keeping clear of us. Can we get room from YELLOW to duck RED? Not directly. RED is required to keep clear of us. She is therefore not an obstruction, as defined, and so rule 19 (which applies only at obstructions) does not apply. However, rule 14 requires us to avoid contact if possible, and if we bear away to duck RED, then YELLOW must also try to avoid contact with us if she can. In a protest, RED would be disqualified. If we in BLUE do not keep clear of YELLOW in trying to avoid contact with RED, we will be exonerated for breaking rule 11 because RED’s breach compelled us to break a rule. Section Start Main Menu

  35. We’re passing!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We are BLUE, on starboard tack. RED is not keeping clear of us. Can we get room from YELLOW to duck RED? Not directly. RED is required to keep clear of us. She is therefore not an obstruction, as defined, and so rule 19 (which applies only at obstructions) does not apply. However, rule 14 requires us to avoid contact if possible, and if we bear away to duck RED, then YELLOW must also try to avoid contact with us if she can. Definition Obstruction: …a boat racing is not an obstruction to other boats unless they are required to keep clear of her, give her room or mark-room, or, if rule 22 applies, avoid her. Section Start Main Menu

  36. Start Section Start show We’re rounding! Back to the windward mark, this time to be rounded to starboard. The race committee is signalling that the next leg has been shortened. Here’s how it’s done Section Start Main Menu

  37. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions At the windward mark, this time to be rounded to starboard. BLUE is clear ahead at the two-lengths zone, then tacks for the mark. YELLOW has to avoid her. There is a protest. Your decision? Penalize BLUE. She lost her entitlement to room under rules 18.2(b) and (c) when she passed head to wind. It’s rule 10 (or13). Section Start Main Menu

  38. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions At the windward mark, this time to be rounded to starboard. BLUE is clear ahead at the two-lengths zone, then tacks for the mark. YELLOW has to avoid her. There is a protest. Your decision? Penalize BLUE Rule 18.2(c) When a boat is required to give mark-room by rule 18.2(b), she shall continue to do so even if later an overlap is broken or a new overlap begins. However, if either boat passes head to wind or if the boat entitled to mark-room leaves the zone, rule 18.2(b) ceases to apply. Section Start Main Menu

  39. Start Section Start show We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions RED comes into the mark high enough for GREEN to tack for the mark inside her. GREEN does not tack, and both have to take avoiding action. They protest. Your decision? Rule 18 does not apply. No rule requires GREEN to tack. Penalize RED, rule 10. 18.1 When This Rule Applies Rule 18 applies between boats when they are required to leave a mark on the same side and at least one of them is in the zone. However it does not apply… (b) Between boats on opposite tacks when the proper course at the mark for one but not both of them is to tack Section Start Main Menu

  40. Start Section Start show We’re passing!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Back down the run, we’re near the shore. Is RED allowed to get an overlap between GREEN and the shore? Section Start Main Menu

  41. Start Section Start show We’re passing!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Back down the run, we’re near the shore. Is RED allowed to get an overlap between GREEN and the shore? Yes, provided at that time there is room to pass between them – Rule19.2(c). If so, GREEN must then give her room. The shore is a continuing obstruction to both boats. At ‘ordinary’ obstructions, the gap may not need to be so big for an intervening boat to be entitled to room – if the outside boat can give room she must. At continuing obstructions, the gap may be wide enough to give room, yet too narrow to allow a legal inside overlap. Section Start Main Menu

  42. Start Section Start show We’re passing!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Back down the run, we’re near the shore. Is RED allowed to get an overlap between GREEN and the shore? 19.2 Giving Room at an Obstruction (c) While boats are passing a continuing obstruction, if a boat that was clearastern and required to keep clear becomes overlapped between the other boat and the obstruction and, at the moment the overlap begins, there is not room for her to pass between them, she is not entitled to roomunder rule 19.2(b). While the boats remain overlapped, she shall keep clear and rules 10 and 11 do not apply. As stated, overlaps from astern need bigger gaps at continuing obstructions - as we will see. Section Start Main Menu

  43. Start Section Start show We’re passing!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions We are BLUE. Further down the run, a gust catches us up with GREEN and YELLOW. GREEN hails ‘No Room! The gap is not big enough for you to sail through!’. Is GREEN right to try to deny room tom to BLUE? NO. That would be true if YELLOW were a continuing obstruction. But the definition Obstruction now says ‘A vessel under way, including a boat racing, is never a continuing obstruction.’ If BLUE can keep clear of YELLOW (rule 11) while getting an overlap to leeward of GREEN and If GREEN then has the room to luff to keep clear (rule 15) of BLUE, BLUE is entitled to become overlapped between them. GREEN must then keep clear of BLUE. Section Start Main Menu

  44. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • Does Rule 18 apply here? • 18.2 Giving Mark-Room • When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. • If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. The boats are not overlapped, so it’s not rule 18.2(a). It is the boat clear astern that reaches the zone first, so the last sentence of rule 18.2(b) does not apply and will never apply. So no part of rule 18.2 yet applies Section Start Main Menu

  45. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • Does Rule 18 apply here? • 18.2 Giving Mark-Room • When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. • If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. They are overlapped at positions 2 and 3. Rule 18.2(a) now applies. YELLOW must give BLUE mark-room – room to sail to the mark, which she does. BLUE must keep clear – under rule 10 and then under rule 11 after she gybes. Section Start Main Menu

  46. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions • Does Rule 18 apply here? • 18.2 Giving Mark-Room • When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies. • If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. BLUE is briefly ahead, the overlap ends before the contact, so 18.2(a) stops applying. Then YELLOW runs into her. 18.2(b) never applied. It’s not now a rule 18 situation. YELLOW does not keep clear under rule 12, and the question is whether BLUE gave her room to keep clear under rule 15. Yes, if YELLOW could have avoided contact by bearing away when BLUE became clear ahead. Section Start Main Menu

  47. 18.2 Giving Mark-Room (b) If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. BLUE must bear away to give YELLOW room to sail to the mark, and then room for YELLOW to sail her proper course while at the mark Section Start Main Menu

  48. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions 18.2 Giving Mark-Room (b) If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. BLUE tries unsuccessfully to break the overlap before the zone. She will be able to give room at the mark, but at zone entry cannot immediately give YELLOW room to sail to the mark. Does BLUE break rule 18.2(b)? YES. Mark-room is not only room to sail a proper course at the mark, but also room from zone entry to sail to the mark. BLUE should not have luffed. Section Start Main Menu

  49. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions 18.2 Giving Mark-Room (b) If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. When RED will reach the zone, she must give mark-room to the three other boats. They are all overlapped on her. If she does not, she will break rule 18.2(b). To avoid that, she must take early action before the zone so as to be able to give mark-room. So must the two BLUE boats, to give YELLOW room. Is there any exception to this? Not here, since mark-room can be given Section Start Main Menu

  50. We’re rounding!PART 2 - WHEN BOATS MEET, Section C – At Marks and Obstructions 18.2 Giving Mark-Room (b) If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room. If RED and the BLUE boats have been overlapped for some time, RED has to be ready to give them mark-room at the zone YELLOW, clear astern of the other three, will have to give all of them mark-room if she enters the zone after them, even if she then gybes onto starboard tack with right of way under rule 10. Section Start Main Menu

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