1 / 72

Dar al-Islam

Dar al-Islam. literally = House of Islam commonly refers to lands heavily influenced by Islam or where Muslims can practice freely along with China, Dar al-Islam drives the history of the Post-Classical Era. Key Terms. Arab =

annice
Télécharger la présentation

Dar al-Islam

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Dar al-Islam literally = House of Islam commonly refers to lands heavily influenced by Islam or where Muslims can practice freely along with China, Dar al-Islam drives the history of the Post-Classical Era

  2. Key Terms • Arab = • originally a resident of the Arabian Peninsula, then a speaker of Arabic • Bedouin = • nomads of the Arabian Peninsula • Islam = “submission” • monotheistic religion that grew out of Christianity & teaching of Muhammad • Muslim = “one who submits” • person who practices Islam

  3. Nomadic Life in the Pre-Islamic Arab World

  4. Bedouins • Center of Arab culture • Tribal • Filled w/ rivalry & competition • Animistic polytheism • On periphery of civilization

  5. Towns & Trade • Bedouin herders trade with oasis towns

  6. Examples

  7. Examples

  8. Examples

  9. The Rise of Islam

  10. Judaism Muhammad* Jesus* Abraham David Moses* Christianity Islam

  11. Judaism – a primer • 1 god = Yahweh • Prophets: 1st= Abraham, founder= Moses • Religion of practice • Belief in covenant • Text = Torah (Old Testament of Bible) • No clear hierarchy in leadership

  12. Christianity – a primer • 1 god = Yahweh • Prophets: 1st= Abraham, founder= Jesus • Religion of faith • Strong belief in missionary work • Text = Bible - Old Testament & New Testament (life of Jesus) • Hierarchical leadership (Pope in Rome, Patriarch in Constantinople)

  13. Islam – a primer • 1 god = Allah • Prophets: 1st= Abraham, founder= Muhammad • Religion of faith & practice • Strong belief in missionary work • Text = Quran – believed to be exact word of god • No clear hierarchy

  14. Islam 5 Pillars most basic customs that support Islam • Profession of Faith • There is only 1 god, Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger

  15. Gulzar

  16. Zoomorphic

  17. Tughra

  18. Bowl w/ Foliated Calligraphy

  19. Qur'an

  20. Rare illustrated version of the “Life of the Prophet”

  21. Marble Wall in Afghanistan

  22. Practices: 5 Pillars • Prayer • Pray 5 times daily at prescribed times (dawn, noon, afternoon, evening, after sundown) • Face Mecca

  23. The Haram (Great Mosque)

  24. Practices: 5 Pillars • Charity • systematic giving of 2.5% of one's wealtheach year to benefit the poor

  25. Great Mosque of Qairawwan

  26. Great Mosque of al-Mutawakkil

  27. Practices: 5 Pillars • Fasting • Fast during the holy month of Ramadan

  28. Practices: 5 Pillars • Pilgrimage (Hajj) • the journey to holy city of Mecca that every adult Muslim must undertake at least once

  29. Significance of 5 Pillars on Islam • Unity, equality, common experience • Travel, trade, exchange • Building of universities & centers of learning • Study of astronomy

  30. Comparing Monotheistic Religions Using World Civilization doc reader: • Compare beliefs/attitudes toward god & practices. • Judaism & Old Testament (pg. 11) • Christianity & New Testament (pg. 101) • Islam & Koran (pg. 114)

  31. Crisis After Muhammad’s Death Faced Two Main Problems: • Arabic tribes leave Muslim community • Who should succeed Muhammad leadership? Caliph(successor, deputy): political & religious leader Results: • Dispute b/t Sunni & Shia

  32. Sunni • Feel that devout Muslims can be caliphs even if not related to Muhammad • Make up approximately 80% of world Muslim population today • Supported Abu Bakr • Friend of Muhammad's; early convert to Islam • Becomes 1st caliph

  33. Shi'a • Only accepted caliphs who were direct descendants of Muhammad • Supported Ali • Muhammad’s cousin & son-in-law • Believe rule of first three caliphs was illegitimate

  34. Crisis After Muhammad’s Death Result of dispute b/t Sunni & Shia: • Conflict allows the sunni Umayyad clan to rise to power

  35. Umayyad Empire -Arab -Conquerors

  36. Timeline – pt1 • 597 = Byzantine & Persian Wars • 613 = Muhammad begins preaching • 632-661 = Early Caliphs • 661-750 = Umayyad Empire

  37. Umayyad Empire stretched from Spain to central Asia Administrative Reforms • Caliph appointed governors to rule far-flung provinces • Governors ruled from strong garrison towns • Spoils from victories helped finance Umayyad government • Bureaucracy & military dominated by Muslim Arab elite

  38. Instituted a three-level tax system: 1) Muslim Arabs: • approx 4% of population • not taxed 2) Muslim converts (non-Arab): • approx 6% of population, largest land owners • paid land tax 3) Non-Muslims & “People of the Book”: • approx 90% of population • paid land tax • paid jizya (head tax) for security • subject to own laws & courts

More Related