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Understanding XHTML Tables: Creation, Attributes, and Accessibility in Web Development

In this chapter, you will learn the key concepts of creating and formatting tables in XHTML for web pages. This includes the structure of a table with rows and columns, using essential elements such as ``, ``, and ``, as well as applying attributes to enhance presentation. You will discover how to utilize nested tables and CSS for configuration, understand common practices in organizing information, and maintain web accessibility by properly utilizing heading elements. Hands-on examples will solidify your learning.

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Understanding XHTML Tables: Creation, Attributes, and Accessibility in Web Development

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  1. Web Development & Design Foundations with XHTML Chapter 8Key Concepts

  2. Learning Outcomes • In this chapter, you will learn how to: • Create a table on a web page • Apply attributes to format tables, table rows, and table cells • Format the layout of a Web page with a table • Use nested tables • Use CSS to configure an XHTML table

  3. Table • Tables are commonly used on Web pages in two ways: • To organize information • To format the layout of an entire Web page

  4. XHTMLUsing Tables • Composed of rows and columns – similar to a spreadsheet. • Each individual table cell is at the intersection of a specific row and column. • Configured with <table>, <tr>, and <td> elements

  5. XHTMLTable Elements • <table> Element Contains the tableCommon attributes: border, width, align • <tr> ElementContains a table row • <td> ElementContains a table cell • <caption> Element • Configures a description of the table

  6. XHTMLTable Example <table border="1"><caption>Birthday List</caption> <tr> <td>Name</td> <td>Birthday</td> </tr> <tr> <td>James</td> <td>11/08</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Karen</td> <td>4/17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sparky</td> <td>11/28</td> </tr> </table> Birthday List

  7. XHTMLTable Example 2 <table border="1"> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Birthday</th> </tr> <tr> <td>James</td> <td>11/08</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Karen</td> <td>4/17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sparky</td> <td>11/28</td> </tr> </table> Using the <th> Element

  8. Hands-On Practice 8.1 • Pages 314-5 • Chapter8/starters/services.html • Chapter8/8.1/services.html

  9. XHTMLCommon Table Attributes • align (deprecated) • bgcolor (deprecated) • border • cellpadding • cellspacing • summary • width • Percentage or pixels?

  10. XHTMLCommon Table Cell Attributes • align • bgcolor (deprecated) • colspan • rowspan • valign • height (deprecated) • width (deprecated)

  11. XHTMLcolspan Attribute <table border="1"> <tr> <td colspan=“2”>Birthday List</td> </tr> <tr> <td>James</td> <td>11/08</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Karen</td> <td>4/17</td> </tr> </table>

  12. XHTMLrowspan Attribute <table border="1"> <tr> <td rowspan=“2> <img src=“cake.gif” alt=“cake” height=“100” width=“100” /></td> <td>James</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11/08</td> </tr> </table>

  13. Hands-On Practice 8.2 • Pages 321-322 • Chapter8/8.2/services.html

  14. Accessibility and Tables • Use <th> elements to indicate column or row headings. • Table element summary attribute • provide an overview of the table contents • Complex tables:Associate table cell values with their corresponding headers • <th> tag id attribute • <td> tag headers attribute

  15. <table border="1" width="75%" summary="This table lists my educational background. Each row describes educational experience at a specific school."> <tr> <th id="school">School Attended</th> <th id="years">Years</th> <th id="subject">Subject</th> <th id="degree" >Degree Awarded</th> </tr> <tr> <td headers="school">Schaumburg High School</td> <td headers="years">2000 - 2005</td> <td headers="subject">College Prep</td> <td headers="degree">H.S. Diploma</td> </tr> </table>

  16. <table border="1" width="75%" summary="This table lists my educational background."> <thead> <tr> <th>School Attended</th> <th>Years</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>Schaumburg High School</td> <td>2005 - 2009</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Harper College</td> <td>2009 - 2010</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Table Row Groups • <thead>table head rows • <tbody >table body rows • <tfoot> table footer rows

  17. Examples • Chapter8/tables/table1.html • Chapter8/tables/table1a.html

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