Color

1. Color Objectives • Explain perception of color • Describe Selective Reflection and Selective Transmission • Explain Mixing Colored Light and Mixing Colored Pigments • Tell Why the Sky Is Blue, Sunsets Are Red, Clouds Are White, and Water Is Greenish Blue

2. White light is the combination of all colors of light

3. Color in Our World Color we see depends on frequency of light. • Lowest frequency—perceived as red • In between lowest and highest frequency—perceived as colors of the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet) • Highest frequency—perceived as violet • Beyond violet, invisible ultraviolet (UV) • Below red, invisible infrared

4. Color What can the human eye not see? A. Infrared radiation • Ultraviolet radiation • Both A and B. • Neither A nor B.

5. Color CHECK YOUR ANSWER What can the human eye not see? A. Infrared radiation • Ultraviolet radiation • Both A and B. • Neither A nor B.

6. Selective Reflection The color of an opaque object depends on reflection Objects reflect some frequencies and absorb the rest. • Rose petals absorb most of the light and reflect red. • Objects that absorb light and reflect none appear black. • Objects can reflect only those frequencies present in the illuminating light.

7. Selective Transmission Color of transparent object depends on color of light it transmits. • Colored glass is warmed due to the energy of absorbed light illuminating the glass.

8. Sunlight The sun gives off all frequencies of light Distribution of solar frequencies is uneven. • Most intense in yellow-green portion

9. Mixing Colored Light Radiation curve divides into three regions that match the color receptors in our eyes.

10. Mixing Colored Light Additive primary colors: • Red, green, and blue • Produce any color in the spectrum

11. Mixing Colored Light Red, green, and blue light overlap to form A. red light. • green light. • blue light. • white light.

12. Mixing Colored Light CHECK YOUR ANSWER Red, green, and blue light overlap to form A. red light. • green light. • blue light. • white light.

13. Mixing Colored Light When the color yellow is seen on your TV screen, the phosphors being activated on the screen are A. mainly yellow. • blue and red. • green and yellow. • red and green.

14. Mixing Colored Light CHECK YOUR ANSWER When the color yellow is seen on your TV screen, the phosphors being activated on the screen are A. mainly yellow. • blue and red. • green and yellow. • red and green.

15. Mixing Colored Light A blue object will appear black when illuminated with A. blue light. • cyan light. • yellow light. • magenta light.

16. Mixing Colored Light CHECK YOUR ANSWER A blue object will appear black when illuminated with A. blue light. • cyan light. • yellow light. • magenta light.

17. Mixing Colored Light Subtractive primary colors • Combination of two of the three additive primary colors: • red + blue = magenta • red + green = yellow • blue + green = cyan

18. Mixing Colored Light The shadows of the golf ball are subtractive. • Magenta (opposite of green) • Cyan (opposite of red) • Yellow (opposite of blue)

19. Mixing Colored Pigments • The subtractive primary colors are cyan, yellow, and magenta. • white light through overlapping sheets of these colors, light of all frequencies is blocked (subtracted) and we have black. • cyan and yellow overlap, light of all frequencies except green is subtracted. • Various proportions of cyan, yellow, and magenta dyes will produce nearly any color in the spectrum.

20. Color Printing Only three colors of ink (plus black) are used to print color photographs—(a) magenta, (b) yellow, (c) cyan, which when combined produce the colors shown in (d). The addition of black (e) produces the finished result (f).

21. Why the Sky Is Blue • Results of scattering light waves • Higher the frequency of light is scattered more. • Our eyes are more sensitive to blue than violet

22. Effect of weather on sky color • Varies in different locations under various conditions: • Clear dry day—much deeper blue sky • Lots of dust particles and larger molecules than nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere—less blue sky with whitish appearance • After heavy rainstorm (washing away of airborne particles)—deeper blue sky

23. Why the Sky Is Blue A white sky is evidence that the atmosphere contains A. predominantly small particles. • predominantly large particles. • a mixture of particle sizes. • pollutants.

24. Why the Sky Is Blue CHECK YOUR ANSWER A white sky is evidence that the atmosphere contains A. predominantly small particles. • predominantly large particles. • a mixture of particle sizes. • pollutants.

25. Why Sunsets Are Red Low frequencies scatter least At sunset/sunrise the light travels through more atmosphere than at noon

26. Why Sunsets Are Red A variety of sunset colors is evidence for a variety of A. elements in the Sun. • apparent atmosphere thickness. • atmospheric particles. • primary colors.

27. Why Sunsets Are Red CHECK YOUR ANSWER A variety of sunset colors is evidence for a variety of A. elements in the Sun. • apparent atmosphere thickness. • atmospheric particles. • primary colors.

28. Why Sunsets Are Red If molecules in the sky scattered orange light instead of blue light, sunsets would be A. orange. • yellow. • green. • blue.

29. Why Sunsets Are Red CHECK YOUR ANSWER If molecules in the sky scattered orange light instead of blue light, sunsets would be A. orange. • yellow. • green. • blue. Explanation: Of the colors listed, blue is closest to being the complementary color of orange.

30. Why Clouds Are White • Clouds are clusters of various sizes of water droplets • Light scattered determines cloud color. • Tiny clusters - bluish clouds. • Slightly large clusters - greenish clouds. • Larger clusters - reddish clouds. • Overall result is white clouds. • Slightly larger clusters produce a deep gray. • Still larger clusters produce raindrops.

31. Why Water Is Greenish Blue • Water molecules absorb red light • When red is removed from white light, the complementary color of red remains: cyan—a bluish-green color.