Development of Nursing

1. Development of Nursing DeLaune, S.C. and Ladner, P.K. (2002) Fundamentals of Nursing. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning. Chapter 1

2. Ancient History • Hippocratic oath • Early Christian Churches & Hospitals • Pheobe, Deaconess & First Visiting Nurse • Fabiola, First Large Hospital, Rome • Hotel Dieu, Lyons, France • Muslim Hospitals • 8th - 10th century, throughout Muslim areas

3. Religious Influences • Franciscans • Crusades • Military Orders--Knight Hospitalers • Regular Orders • Secular Orders • Kaiserwerth • Church Order of Deaconesses

4. Beginning of Professional Nursing • Florence Nightingale • Born near Florence, Italy • Kaiserwerth • Crimean War (1853-56) • Notes on Nursing • First researcher • Developed pie chart • Nightingale Schools of Nursing

5. American Nurses • Dorthea Dix, Conditions of mental hospital, American Army Nursing Service, Civil Ware • Clara Barton, volunteer in Civil War, American Red Cross

6. American Nurses • Linda Richards, First trained nurse, nurses notes, physician orders • Mary Mahoney, First Professional Black Nurse • Isabella Hampton Robb, John Hopkins Superintendent for Higher Education, Founder of ANA & NL of Nursing Education

7. American Nurses • Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster, Henry Street Settlement, NY; Wald Suggested national health insurance plan • Lavina Dock, Henry Street Settlement, Suffragettes, Editor AJN, Textbook, • Margaret Sanger, Planned Parenthood, Birth control program

8. American Nurses • Mary Adelaide Nutting, coursework before clinical practice, associated program with university, first nurse university professor • Mary Breckinridge, Frontier Nursing Service, KY

9. Reports & Studies • Goldmark Report/Rockerfeller Survey, 1918 • Brown Report, Nursing as a Profession, 1936 • Lysaught Report, National Commission on Nursing and Nursing Practice, 1965 • 1965 ANA Position Paper

10. Report & Studies Similarities • All of these studies and report supported nursing education move to universities and college.

11. Reports & Studies • Institute of Research & Service in Nursing Education, 1955, increased practical nursing school. • National Commission on Nursing, AHA, 1980, BSN ed, ed mobility, clinical ed. • IOM, 1979, nursing ed funding

12. Selected Legislation • Social Security Act, 1935, benefits elderly, child welfare, & training health care professional • Medicare & Medicaid, 1965 • Nurse Training Act, 1964, scholarships, loans & schools • Social Security Act Amendments, 1977, allowed payment NP • Omnibus Budget Reconciliation, 1980, Payment midwives • Nurse Reinvestment Act, 2003

13. Health Insurance • Wald, Plan for National Health Insurance • Hospitals offered, 1920, Baylor Plan • Blue Cross & Blue Shield, 1930’s • HMO Act, 1977

14. Societal Trends Affecting Nursing—19th Century • Industrial Revolution • Urbanization • Emigration • War • Germ Theory • Suffragettes

15. Societal Trends Affecting Nursing—20th Century • Wars & Conflict • Women’s Movement • Knowledge & Technology Explosion • Population Trends • Economic Trends & Health Care Financing