1. Q:(a)Describe the action for a kernel to context switching for threads (b)why it is faster than processes?

2. Q:what’s the Benefits of multithread? • Responsiveness • Resource Sharing • Economy • Scalability

3. Q:what’s the difference of User Threads & kernel thread? • Thread management done by user-level threads library • Three primary thread libraries: • POSIX Pthreads • Win32 threads • Java threads

4. Kernel Threads • Supported by the Kernel • Examples • Windows XP/2000 • Solaris • Linux • Tru64 UNIX • Mac OS X

5. Q:How is the mapping between user thread and kernel thread? Advantage & disadvantage ? • Many-to-One • One-to-One • Many-to-Many

6. Many-to-One Model

7. One-to-one Model

8. Many-to-Many Model • Allows many user level threads to be mapped to many kernel threads • Allows the operating system to create a sufficient number of kernel threads • Solaris prior to version 9 • Windows NT/2000 with the ThreadFiber package

9. Many-to-Many Model