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Government

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Government. Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Constitution 14 th Amendment. Colonists grievances against GB Written primarily by Jefferson Adopted July 4, 1776. Declaration of Independence. Enlightenment Influence Hobbes – state of nature

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Government

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  1. Government Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Constitution 14th Amendment

  2. Colonists grievances against GB • Written primarily by Jefferson • Adopted July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence

  3. Enlightenment Influence • Hobbes – state of nature • Rousseau – Social Contract • de Montesquieu – separation of powers • Locke Declaration of Independence

  4. John Locke • Natural Rights • Consent of the Governed/Popular Sovereignty • Limited Govt • “life, liberty, and property” Declaration of Independence

  5. Overview • First document to govern US • Adopted 1777, ratified in 1781 • Confederate govt – “league of friendship and perpetual union” • Strengths • Permanent union of states • Congress established • Decentralization – assured no recreation of GB • Expanded middle class; not all power w/elite • Spread of equality and democratic ideals Articles of Confederation

  6. Weaknesses • Congress few powers • No power to tax • No power to raise military • No interstate commerce or common currency • No Prez or national court system • Power in states Articles of Confederation

  7. Aborted Annapolis Meeting • Attempt to change AoC September 1786 • Only 12 delegates from 5 states • Called for meeting in May 1787 to further discuss changes - Constitutional Convention Articles of Confederation

  8. Attendees • 55 men from 12 of 13 states • Wealthy planters & merchants • College graduates with some political experience • From coastal areas & larger cities (not rural) • Enlightenment Comes to Life • Important ideas • Economics (main) • Human nature • Preservation of property • Equality (slavery; 3/5 Compromise) • Individual rights Constitution

  9. Political & Voting Equality Left to States • Equality of Representation • New Jersey Plan—equal representation in states • Virginia Plan—population-based representation • Connecticut Compromise (the Great Compromise) Constitution

  10. Individual Rights Written into Constitution • Suspension of writ of habeas corpus • No bills of attainder • No ex post facto laws • Religious qualifications for holding office prohibited • Strict rules of evidence for conviction of treason • Right to trial by jury in criminal cases • Individual Rights Not Specified • Freedom of speech and expression • Rights of the accused Constitution

  11. Which of these was NOT among John Lockeʹs key philosophical concepts? • A) limited government • B) natural rights • C) consent of the governed • D) property rights • E) checks and balances Question #1

  12. Under the Articles of Confederation, most power rested with the • A) the British Parliament. • B) president. • C) United States Senate. • D) state legislatures. • E) Continental Congress. Question #2

  13. Which of the following was NOT a problem with the national government under the Articles of Confederation? • A) the threat of some of the Continental Army to establish George Washington as king • B) the lack of power given to state legislatures • C) the lack of an executive to lead the nation • D) the inability of the central national government to regulate foreign trade or regulate the national economy • E) the unwillingness of the states to send money requisitioned by the central national government Question #3

  14. Most of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention regarded what as the greatest threat to government? • A) factions • B) kings • C) slaves • D) foreign adversaries • E) charismatic leaders Question #4

  15. The Connecticut Compromise at the Constitutional Convention • A) resolved the impasse between those who favored the New Jersey Plan and those who preferred the Virginia Plan. • B) added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution in order to lessen concerns about too much power for the new government. • C) settled the dispute over whether slavery should be allowed in the final constitution. • D) threw out the idea of having a monarchy in the United States, opting instead for an indirectly elected president. • E) involved all of these elements Question #5

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