Advanced Electron Beam Working Modes for Next-Generation X-ray Free Electron Lasers

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This document presents various working modes of Electron Relativistic Linear (ERL) systems developed by Georg Hoffstaetter and his team at Cornell University. The focus is on achieving high current, high coherence, and superior bunch charge modes for generating hard x-ray beams with up to 100 mA of competitive current and low emittance. Key parameters are outlined, including energy spreads, bunch lengths, and acceptable charge configurations for both conventional and accelerator studies. The modes discussed cater to the needs of high-precision x-ray beam applications.

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Apr 28, 2026

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Advanced Electron Beam Working Modes for Next-Generation X-ray Free Electron Lasers

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ERL working modes Georg Hoffstaetter, ProfessorCornell University / CLASSE / SRF group & ERL effort • High Current mode • High Coherence mode • High Buch charge mode • HGHG FEL mode ? • SASE FEL mode ? • XFEL-O mode ?
Beam goals for ERLs
Hard x-rays: 5GeV, competitive current: up to 100mA low charge per bunch low emittance Working modes: current, emittances, energy spread, bunch length A) 100mA, 30/30pm, 2.e-4, 2ps B) 25mA, 8/ 8pm, 2.e-4, 2ps C) 25mA, 300/10pm, 2.e-3, 1ps in South, 100fs in North beamlines D) The option of large bunch charge (1nC) with low repetition rate (100kHz), without energy recovery, is not used for x-ray users. up to 1nC is used for accelerator studies, e.g. of XFELO or HGHG FELs Electron Beam Parameters Energy spread at beam stop 300pm 24% 12% 0 100fs -12%