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4G – Next Generation

4G – Next Generation. Joseph Bedell. Introduction. 4G is the fourth generation of cellular devices. The future of handheld device’s wireless communications. Demand for IP based devices. Successor to 3G standards.

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4G – Next Generation

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  1. 4G – Next Generation Joseph Bedell

  2. Introduction • 4G is the fourth generation of cellular devices. The future of handheld device’s wireless communications. • Demand for IP based devices. • Successor to 3G standards. • You will get a basic understand of 4G’s design goals and implementation differences from 3G.

  3. Expectations • 4G is being designed to be able to handle the requirements of the future. • Ability to download a HD movie in 5 minutes to watch offline. • Handle a 20 person conference call with all users connected through 4G. • Video conferencing anywhere in the world.

  4. History of the G’s • 1G – First generation of wireless telephones • Analog – 1980’s • 2G • Digital – 1990’s • 3G - simultaneous use of speech and data services and data rates (14Mb/s) • Data – 2001

  5. Removing the walls between these different protocols

  6. 4G’s goals • 1Gb/s between two stationary objects • 100Mb/s between two moving objects • More users per call – conference calling • Smooth transitions between servers • Legacy support – 1G, 2G, 3G • All IP packets being sent back and forth

  7. IPv6 • Based on packet switching only • Require low-latency data transmission • By time 4G is rolled out all of the IP’s will be updated to IPv6 • Won’t need NAT’s, only will need for older devices not yet converted to IPv6

  8. Utilizing the spectrum • In order to get more devices working at the same time with increased speeds on the network the underlying algorithms and protocols will need to be updated. • Coding techniques will need to utilize highly adaptive modulation. • Hybrid multiple access techniques • Spectrum aware and resource-aware MAC/link layer • Ability to manage packets at different layers

  9. Seamless Integration • Adaption layers • In order to allow all different devices to communicate under the same protocol added layers will be required.

  10. Physical Layer upgrades • With wanting true broad band speeds we will need to do more than just upgrading algorithms. • OFDM(Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) • Frequency-division multiplexing • Data is divided into multiple parallel data streams, one for each sub-carrier.

  11. Adaptation • Dynamic management of the allocated spectrum • DSA – dynamic spectrum assignment, can provide application discovery. • Dynamic management of the multiple access schemes • Will be hybrids of • FDMA – frequency-division multiple access • TDMA – time-division multiple access • CDMA – code division multiple access

  12. Adaptation continued…. • Dynamic soft channel management • Control modulation for each channel to manage: Constellation sizes, Power levels, Code sizes, Channel measurements • Dynamic layers and fast adaptation • Each layer will have their individual roles as well as ARM requirements • Higher level layers will need to provide signaling information in a efficient manner(embedding or out-of band signaling)

  13. Antenna Systems • Antenna’s are the back bone of this network, sending and receiving the required packets. • MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) • Ability to use more then one antenna at both transmitter and receiver to improve connectivity (parallel processing).

  14. Paging • When a user is mobile the phone needs to reconnect to the new antenna, even if in standby. • Each server change requires the mobile node to update it’s local pages, this is what will hurt battery life. • Intra-Domain Mobility Management Protocol (IDMP) • Sends multiple copies of data to neighboring subnets • Subnets which the mobile device will be moving into

  15. Conclusion • Through modularization of the different layers able to combine all different devices under same protocol. • Ability to smoothly transition from one server to another, still maintaining your connection. • Utilize whatever medium you have to the fullest extent with new algorithms. • Each device will have its own v6 IP

  16. References • “Next-Generation Wireless Communications Concepts and Technologies”; Berezdivin, Breinig, and Topp; IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40 pp. 108-116. • “IDMP-Based Fast Handoff and Paging in IP-based 4G Mobile networks”; Misra, A et al; IEEE Communications Magazine, vol 40, pp 138 – 145, March 2002. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

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