The Skeletal System

1. Group 1 Chapter 15 Lesson 2 The Skeletal System Kiersten Adams Marianne Fritz Heather Rawls Christian Wilson

2. Functions of the Skeletal System • Plays important role in movement, provides strong stable and mobile framework on which the muscles act upon • It supports and protects your organs

3. Functions of the Skeletal System • The bones are the principle storage center for the bodies essential minerals • Calcium • Phosphorus • They also manufacture the bodies blood cells • Red bone marrow produces millions of blood cells each day

4. Structure of the Skeleton • Skeletal System is divided into two main part • Axial Skeleton: Includes the 80 bones of the skull, spine ribs and sternum (breastbone). These bones are mainly used for protection

5. Structure of the Skeleton • Appendicular Skeleton: Includes the 126 bones of the shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs and feet. These bones are mainly used for movement

6. Types of Bones • Long Bone: A bone with a greater length than width, curved for strength to hold up the body -Extremities • Short Bone: Bones that are as broad as they are long • -Hands and Feet

7. Types of Bones • Flat Bone: Thin flat shape that protects the organs -Ribs and Skull • Irregular Bone: Uncategorical shape -Vertebrae

8. Major Bones of the Skeleton • Skull • Vertebrae • Ribs • Humerus • Radius

9. Major Bones of the Skeleton • Ulna • Pelvis • Femur • Tibia • Fibula

10. Cartilage • The skeletal system is made up of not only bones but Cartilage, a strong, flexible connective tissue.

11. Cartilage • Cartilage serves many functions : • Lines the surfaces of joints and enables them to move smoothly • Cushions joining vertebrae • Supports the nose and ears • Baby skeleton is mostly cartilage

12. Cartilage • Cartilage cells are replaced with age by bone cells and minerals in a process call Ossification • The process by which bone is formed, renewed and repaired

13. Joints • The point at which two bones meet • Ball-and Socket Joints: Allows the widest range of movement: backwards, forwards, sideways and circular • Shoulder and Hips • Pivot Joints: Bone protection allows rotation • First two vertebrae in the neck

14. Joints • Ellipsoidal Joints: Oval shaped part that fits into a curved space, allowing for all types of movement except pivotal • Wrist • Hinge Joints: Allows bending, straightening, and rotating • Fingers

15. Joints • Ligament: Tough bands of fibrous, slightly, elastic tissue that bind the bone ends at the joint, preventing excessive movement • Tendon: Fibrous cords that join muscle to bone other muscles

16. Care of the Skeleton System • Nutrition • Calcium: essential for building stone bones -Dairy Products

17. Care of the Skeleton System • Phosphorous: combined with calcium gives bones there firmness -Milk, peas, beans, liver, cottage cheese broccoli and whole grains

18. Care of the Skeleton System • Exercise • Regular physical activity, especially weight bearing exercise increases bone mass • Promotes better circulation of blood, increasing nourishment to your bones

19. Problems of the Skeletal System • Hairline Fractures: Incomplete, the bone doesn’t break into two pieces FRACTURES

20. Problems of the Skeletal System FRACTURES • Transverse Fractures: Complete break

21. Problems of the Skeletal System • Comminuted Fractures: Shatters bone into more than two pieces FRACTURES

22. Problems of the Skeletal System Osteoporosis

23. Problems of the Skeletal System Osteoporosis • A condition in which bone density decreases, causing bones to become brittle and easily fractured • Women more vulnerable after menopause

24. Problems of the Skeletal System Osteoporosis • Prevention: • Getting ample physical exercise • Eating food rich in calcium

25. Problems of the Skeletal System Scoliosis • Lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of the spine • Starts in childhood, easily seen when growing stops • Most schools have scoliosis screening programs

26. Problems of the Skeletal System Scoliosis • Treatment: • Exercise • Special brace • Surgery

27. THE END