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CAHSEE REVIEW

CAHSEE REVIEW . DAY II. COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES. A simple sentence, also called an independent clause , contains a subject and a verb, and it is the expression of a complete thought. A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make up a sentence.

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CAHSEE REVIEW

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  1. CAHSEE REVIEW DAY II

  2. COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES • A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it is the expression of a complete thought. • A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make up a sentence. • Simple sentences are the most basic of all sentences. They are straight and to the point, and very effective for conveying facts. • Often, thesis statements are in the form of a simple or compound sentence.

  3. COMPOUND sentences • Compound sentences are made up of two independent clauses (or simple, complete sentences), connected by a coordinating conjunction. Think of the anagram FAN BOYS • For • And • Nor • But • Or • Yet • So

  4. complex sentences • Made up of an independent clause, and one or more dependent clauses. A dependent clause is similar to an independent clause, but lacks one element (subject, verb) that would normally make it complete. • Examples of dependent clause: • While he waited at the train station • After they left on the bus. • The dependent clause can go before, or after the independent clause • Complex sentences begin with subordinating conjunctions. Much like in compound sentences, these words combine the two clauses.

  5. EXAMPLES: • Identify the following sentences as either simple, compound, or complex: • When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. • Juan and Alex play football every afternoon. • I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English. • Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station • Joe realized that the train was late while he waited at the train station.

  6. PRONOUN CASE • Pronouns must be very clear when we write! As readers, we need to know exactly who the author is talking about. As writers, we want to appear educated with well thought-out sentences. • Pronoun case is very simple. There are three separate cases. • Subjective case: pronouns used as subject • Objective case: pronouns used as objects of verbs or prepositions. • Possessive case: pronouns which express ownership.

  7. PRONOUN CHART

  8. QUICK EXAMPLES • Jan loves him. (Him is the direct object, so the objective case is used). • She read four novels that summer. (She is the subject of the sentence, so the subjective case is used.) • Mel gave her and me some ideas for our presentation. (Her and Me are used, as they are the objective pronouns in this sentence).

  9. PARALLEL STRUCTURE • Using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. The usual way of joining parallel structures is through the use of a coordinating conjunction such as “and” or “or.”

  10. EXAMPLES: • Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to ride a bicycle. • The infinitive phrase is kept throughout the sentence. • The producer wanted his screen writers to work quickly, accurately, and thoroughly. • The forms of the words are kept the same throughout the sentence. • The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some warm-up exercises before the game. • The clauses of the sentence all begin the same, and keep the same pattern.

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