Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2009

$ $ $ $ $ $ Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2009 September 2010 U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Resources for Today’s News Conference Come to www.census.gov and click on the icon at top left corner to obtain – Today’s PowerPoint and Script News Release Findings at a Glance Summary Analytical Report and Links to Detailed Tables Fact Sheets on Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Links to the First of Three Blogs on These Topics

Highlights • Median household money income for the nation was $49,800 in 2009, not statistically different from the 2008 median. • The 2009 official poverty rate for the nation was 14.3 percent, up from 13.2 percent in 2008, with 43.6 million people in poverty, an increase of 3.7 million since 2008. • Real median earnings of both men and women who worked full-time, year-round increased between 2008 and 2009. The female-to-male earnings ratio was 77 percent in 2009, not statistically different from the 2008 ratio. • The percentage of people without health insurance coverage increased to 16.7 percent in 2009 from 15.4 percent in 2008. The number of uninsured increased to 50.7 million in 2009 from 46.3 million in 2008. Note: Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Real Median Household Income: 1967 to 2009 Recession Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 60 45 30 15 0 $49,800 $40,100 Note: Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 2

Poverty: 1959 to 2009 Recession Numbers in millions, rates in percent 50 40 30 20 10 0 43.6 million 39.5 million Number in poverty 22.4% Poverty rate 14.3% 1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 3

Real Median Household Income and Poverty Rate: 1967 to 2009 Income in thousands (2009 dollars), rates in percent Recession 60 45 30 15 0 Real median household income $49,800 $40,100 - 4.2% - 3.5% - 4.2% -1.7% - 6.0% - 5.7% Poverty rate 14.2% 14.3% +1.2 +3.9 +1.9 +1.2 Change surrounding recession. Poverty expressed as percentage point change. Income expressed as percentage change. Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 4

Women’s-to-Men’s Median Earnings Ratio and Real Median Earnings: 1960 to 2009(Full-time, year-round workers) Earnings in thousands (2009 dollars), ratio in percent Recession 80 60 40 20 0 77% Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio 61% Earnings of men $47,100 $34,000 $36,300 Earnings of women $20,600 1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 2009 Note: Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Percentage of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2009 Recession Percent 20 15 10 5 0 16.7% All people 12.9% Children 12.9% 10.0% 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 6

Number of People Without Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2009 Recession Numbers in millions 50.7 million All people 31.0 million Children 8.2 million 7.5 million 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 7

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2008 and 2009 2009 2008 Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 80 60 40 20 0 No statistical change -2.6% -2.0% -4.4% +5.8% 15 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 years years old years old years old years old years old and older Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 8

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Number of Earners: 2008 and 2009 2009 2008 Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 100 80 60 40 20 0 No statistical change +1.3% +5.2% No earners Two or more earners One earner Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 9

Total and Full-Time Year-Round Workers With Earnings by Sex: 1967 to 2009 Recession Numbers in millions 81.9 73.0 53.2 All female workers 56.1 43.2 36.6 Males, full-time year-round 34.4 14.8 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 10

Real Median Earnings of Total Workers and Full-Time, Year-Round Workers by Sex : 1960 to 2009 Recession Earnings in thousands (2009 dollars) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Males, full-time year-round $47,100 $34,000 $36,300 All male workers $36,300 $28,500 $26,000 Females, full-time year-round $20,600 All female workers $11,600 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2009 Note: Income rounded to the nearest 100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1961 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 11

Household Income at Selected Percentiles: 1967 to 2009 Recession Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 150 120 90 60 30 0 $137,600 90th $84,400 50th (median) $40,100 $49,800 10th $9,200 $12,100 Note: Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 12

Gini Index of Equivalence-Adjusted Income and Money Income: 1967 to 2009 Recession Gini Index 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.468 Money income 0.397 0.458 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 13

Poverty Rates by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1959 to 2009 Recession Percent 60 45 30 15 0 55.1% Black 25.8% 22.8% 25.3% Hispanic (any race) 16.1% Asian 12.5% 9.4% 7.5% White, not Hispanic 1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 14

Poverty Rates by Age: 1959 to 2009 Recession Percent 50 40 30 20 10 0 35.2% 65 years and older Under 18 years old 20.7% 27.3% 12.9% 17.0% 8.9% 18 to 64 years old 1959 1966 1973 1980 1987 1994 2001 2009 Note: Data from 1960 to 1965 available only for people under 18 years old. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 15

Children with Income Below Specified Ratio of Their Poverty Threshold: 1980 to 2009 Percent of all children 100 80 60 40 20 0 16.6% At or above 400% of poverty threshold 27.3% 41.1% 200% to 399% of poverty threshold 30.4% 100% to 199% of poverty threshold 24.0% 21.5% 11.4% 50% to 99% of poverty threshold 11.4% Below 50% of poverty threshold 6.9% 9.3% 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1981 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 16

Poverty Rates for Families with Related Children Under 18 by Family Type: 1959 to 2009 Recession Percent 59.9% Female householder, no husband present 38.5% Married-couple families 8.3% 6.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1960 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 17

Evidence of “Doubling Up” in Response to the Economic Downturn: 2008 CPS compared to 2010 CPS 2008 CPS 2010 CPS 16 12 8 4 0 Numbers in millions +11.6% +8.4% +11.4% Multifamily Households Aged 25 to 34 Living with Parents Related Subfamilies Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. Note that while the CPS ASEC estimates poverty and income for the previous calendar year, household composition is measured at the time of the survey 18

Supplemental Poverty Measure • Interagency Technical Working Group on Developing a Supplemental Poverty Measure – OMB Chief Statistician • March 2010 road map/Federal register notice • First estimates will be released in September 2011 • Will supplement, not replace, the official measure • Will not be used for eligibility determinations • Thresholds derived by BLS from Consumer Expenditure data • Separate thresholds for renters, owners with and without mortgages • Adjusted for geographic differences in housing costs • Resource measure – money income • PLUS tax credits, nutritional, housing and energy assistance • MINUS child support paid, child care paid, other work expenses, taxes, medical out of pocket expenditures 19

Change in the Number of People Below Their Poverty Threshold Using Alternative Resource Measures: 2009 Numbers in millions *Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formally food stamps) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. Unpublished data. 20

Percentage of People by Type of Health Insurance Coverage: 1987 to 2009 Recession Percent 80 60 40 20 0 Any private coverage 75.5% 63.9% 62.1% 55.8% Employment-based coverage 30.6% Government coverage 23.3% 16.7% Uninsured rate 12.9% 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009 Note: The estimates by type of coverage are not mutually exclusive. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 21

Percentage Point Change in Uninsured Rates by Age: 2008 and 2009 2008 2009 Percent +1.9 +2.6 +2.0 +2.2 +1.7 No statistical change No statistical change Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 22

Percentage Point Change in Uninsured Rates by Household Income: 2008 and 2009 2008 2009 Percent +2.1 No statistical change +2.1 +0.9 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 23

Uninsured Rates for All People by Household Income: 1987 to 2009 Recession Percent 26.6% Less than $25,000 24.8% 21.4% $25,000 to $49,999 16.0% 16.7% 8.9% $50,000 to $74,999 9.1% 5.3% $75,000 and over 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009 Note: Income in 2009 dollars. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 24

Uninsured Rates for Children by Household Income: 1987 to 2009 Recession Percent 26.1% Less than $25,000 18.3% $25,000 to $49,999 14.6% 13.8% $50,000 to $74,999 10.0% 7.2% 5.4% $75,000 and over 3.7% 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2009 Note: Income in 2009 dollars. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 25

Percentage Point Change in Uninsured Workers: 2008 and 2009 2008 2009 Percent +2.7% +1.4% +0.6% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 26

Upcoming Releases • September 28, 2010 • 2009 American Community Survey (ACS) one-year estimates for income, poverty, and health insurance coverage for all states and places with a population of 65,000 or more • December 2010 • 2009 ACS five-year estimates from 2005-2009 for income and poverty for places down to the census tract level • 2009 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) of poverty and median household income for counties and school-age poverty for school districts 27

Population Data Sets Scheduled for Release December 2010 • First 2010 Census data: state population counts and congressional apportionment figures for states • National population estimates based on demographic analysis of vital registration, immigration and emigration data, with age, sex and some race detail 28

For additional questions, contact:Public Information Office301-763-3030 For data and reports, visit: www.census.gov $ $ $ $ $ $ U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU 29

Additional slides Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2009 $ $ $ $ $ $ U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU 29

Percentage Change in Real Median Household Income by Age of Householder: 2007 and 2009 2009 2007 Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 80 60 40 20 0 -5.2% -5.0% -4.9% -6.5% +7.1% 15 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 years years old years old years old years old years old and older Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 31

Median Household Income by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1967 to 2009 Recession Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 75 60 45 30 15 0 $65,500 $58,200 Asian $54,500 White, not Hispanic $47,300 Hispanic (any race) $35,200 $38,000 $32,600 Black $24,300 Note: Income rounded to nearest $100. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Median Household Income by Nativity: 1994 to 2009 Recession Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 60 45 30 15 0 $53,900 Naturalized citizen Native born $52,000 $47,000 $50,500 Total households $49,800 $46,200 $33,800 Not a citizen $36,100 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1995 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 32

Percentage Point Change in Percentage of Households by Number of Earners: 2008 and 2009 2009 2008 Percent -1.3 +0.3 +1.0 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 33

Mean Income of Households in the Middle Quintile with Householder Age 65 and Older by Income Source: 2008 and 2009 2008 2009 Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Public Assistance Supplemental Security Income Social Security Survivor Income Self Employment Total Earnings Dividend Interest Retirement Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 34

Mean Income of Households with Householders Age 65 and Older by Income Source: 2008 and 2009 2009 2008 Income in thousands (2009 dollars) 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Public Assistance Self Employment Survivor Income Earnings Total Supplemental Security Income Interest Dividend Social Security Retirement Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 35

Mean Income of Households with Householders Under Age 65 by Income Source: 2008 and 2009 2008 2009 Income in thousands (2009 dollars) Public Assistance Self Employment Supplemental Security Income Social Security Survivor Income Total Earnings Dividend Interest Retirement Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2009 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 36

Poverty Rates by Nativity: 1993 to 2009 Recession Percent 28.7% 25.1% Not a citizen 15.1% Native born 14.3% All people 13.7% 14.4% 10.8% Naturalized citizen 10.1% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1994 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 37

Children in Poverty by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1974 to 2009 Recession Percent 50 40 30 20 10 0 Black 39.8% 35.7% Hispanic (any race) 33.1% 30.2% 23.5% Asian 14.0% 11.9% White, not Hispanic 9.5% 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1975 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 38

Evidence of “Doubling Up” in Response to the Economic Downturn: 2009 Poverty Rates Official Poverty Rate 40 30 20 10 0 Poverty Rate using Own Income Percent below poverty threshold Aged 25 to 34 Living with Parents Related Subfamilies Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2008 and 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. Extra

Uninsured Children by Race and Hispanic Origin: 1987 to 2009 Percent of all uninsured children 100 80 60 40 20 0 23.7% Hispanic (any race) 38.1% 1.5% Other race 2.2% 3.2% 19.7% Black, not Hispanic Asian, not Hispanic 3.2% 16.1% White, not Hispanic 52.9% 38.3% 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1988 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements. 39

Nativity and Citizenship Status of the Uninsured: 2009 Naturalized Citizen Not a Citizen Native Born Citizen Percent 5.3% 87.6% 7.1% 6.0% 74.4% 19.6% 0.7% 2.9% 96.3% 0.8% 9.4% 89.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. 40

Income Distribution of the Uninsured: 1999 to 2009 Percent 100 80 60 40 20 0 12.4% $75,000 or more 20.8% 14.5% $50,000 to $74,999 18.5% 33.8% $25,000 to $49,999 30.1% 39.3% Less than $25,000 30.6% Note: Income in 2009 dollars Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2000 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. 41

Income Distribution of Uninsured Children: 1999 to 2009 Percent 100 80 60 40 20 0 11.2% $75,000 or more 20.6% 13.0% $50,000 to $74,999 18.9% 35.3% $25,000 to $49,999 31.5% 40.5% Less than $25,000 29.0% Note: Income in 2009 dollars Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 2000 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplement. 42

Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage: 2009