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General Disease Prevention Practices

General Disease Prevention Practices. Overview. Daily practices Prevention steps based on how disease spreads Aerosol, direct contact, fomite, oral, vector Biosecurity during, after an event Summary. Daily Practices . Post signs limiting animal access to unauthorized visitors

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General Disease Prevention Practices

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  1. General Disease Prevention Practices

  2. Overview • Daily practices • Prevention steps based on howdisease spreads • Aerosol, direct contact, fomite, oral, vector • Biosecurity during, after an event • Summary Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  3. Daily Practices • Post signs limiting animal access to unauthorized visitors • Restrict access to farm • Appointments • Known personnel • Visitor log • Limit contact with animals • Neighbor’s livestock • Wildlife, birds • Roaming cats, dogs Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  4. Daily Practices • Limit animal purchases • Quarantine newly introduced animals • New purchases, returning animals • Isolate ill animals immediately • No shared ventilation, direct contact with other animals • Time determined with veterinarian • Test for key diseases before placing with rest of herd/flock Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  5. Daily Practices • Keep health records on every animal • Train farm personnel to report sick animals • Inspect animals daily • Clean equipment, boots, clothing • Investigate unusual signs, unresponsive cases • Neurologic, downers, sudden death Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  6. Prevention Based on Disease Spread

  7. Disease Transmission • Animals may not exhibit obvious clinical signsof disease • Essential • Disease prevention • Awareness of how disease is transmitted • Develop strategy to minimize disease risk for livestock operation Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  8. Routes of Transmission • Spread of disease agents • Animal animal • Animal human “zoonotic” • Different modes of transmission • Aerosol • Direct contact • Fomite • Oral • Vector-borne • Zoonotic Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  9. Aerosol • Basic prevention steps involve: • Increasing distance between sick and well animals • Maximizing ventilation • Provide fresh air to all animals • Decrease humidity and odor build up Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  10. Prevention: Aerosol • Distance is important • Do not share air space between sick and healthy animals Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  11. Direct Contact, Fomite • Basic prevention steps involve: • Restricting access to farm, animals • Isolating sick animals • Keeping environment clean, dry • Keeping equipment clean Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  12. Prevent: Direct Contact, Fomites • Minimize vehicle traffic on farm • Load/unload, rendering at perimeter • Have separate vehicles for “on-farm”and “off-farm” use • Do not share equipment with other farms • Tractors, livestock trailers • Do not allow feed, fuel truck drivers to cross animal paths Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  13. Prevent: Direct Contact, Fomites • Require prior authorization before entering premises • Sign in and disclose recent animal contact • No animal contact for people traveling to foreign countries previous 7-10 days • Require clean clothes, clean footwear • Provide if necessary Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  14. Oral, Fomite • Basic prevention steps involve: • Isolating sick animals • Keeping feed and water clean • Managing manure • Keeping equipment clean • Feeding, treatment, vehicles Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  15. Prevent: Oral, Fomites • Elevate feed, prevent steppinginto feed bunks with contaminated boots • Examine feed for contaminants, quality • Manure, mold, carcasses • Monitor feed tags, deliveries • Test, control access to water sources • Fencing to prevent animal entry and contamination Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  16. Vector Control • Basic prevention steps include: • Source reduction • Prevent egg laying • Control adults • Insecticides • Minimize animal interaction • Screens on buildings • Animal treatment • Mowing long grasses Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  17. Prevent: Vectors • Flies lay eggs in organic matter • Manure, feed, wet bedding • Disturb weekly to prevent development • Clean up spilled feed • Control • Parasitic wasps, predatory mites, beetles feed on developing flies • Chemical applications • Baits, fly traps with other methods Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  18. Prevent: Vectors • Biting midges “no-see-ums” • Lay eggs in decaying vegetation,wet soil, mud • Larvae need moisture, organic matter • Adults fly 1-2 milesfrom source • Manage settling ponds, stagnant water Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  19. Prevent: Vectors • Eliminate mosquito larval habitats • Non-chemical method • BTI granules or dunks • Agitate, circulate standingwater in lagoons, water tanks • Drill holes in or use half tires for silage piles • Insecticide sprays least effective Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  20. Prevent: Vectors • Ticks • Mow pastures • Animal treatment • Midges • No effective animal treatment • Increase distance from source • Confine animals Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  21. Disease Prevention During Animal Health Event

  22. Prevention: State Level • Movement restrictions • Animals • Live animals and their products • Not allowed to go to market, processing • People • Essential personnel only • No deliveries Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  23. Prevention: On the Farm • Restrict access to farm • Clean vehicles only • Record ALL traffic, visitors • Monitor animals frequently • Contact your herd veterinarian Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  24. Prevention: On the Farm • Wear clean gloves, coveralls, boots at all times • Disinfect, properly dispose • Wash hands • Personal protective equipment • Eyewear, mask or respirator • Vaccination, treatments • Subject to availability • Specific to disease Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  25. Prevention: On the Farm • Cleaning • Remove all organic matter • Manure, dirt, feed, etc. • Disinfection • Use proper concentration • Allow proper contact time • Vehicles, equipment, footwear, housing Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  26. Summary • Daily biosecurity minimizes disease exposure • Prevention steps based on howdisease spreads • Heightened biosecurity protocols during, after an event • Follow guidance of State Officials • You play a critical role! Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

  27. Acknowledgments Development of this presentationwas funded by a grant from theIowa Homeland Securityand Emergency Management andthe Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship to theCenter for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University. Contributing Authors: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Danelle Bickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD Ag Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

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