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The Second WWII – America Gets Involved How will America’s involvement change things?

The Second WWII – America Gets Involved How will America’s involvement change things?. Japan - Post-Pearl Harbor. “The stronger were not permitted to help the weaker. We then would hear shots behind us.".

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The Second WWII – America Gets Involved How will America’s involvement change things?

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  1. The Second WWII – America Gets Involved How will America’s involvement change things?

  2. Japan - Post-Pearl Harbor “The stronger were not permitted to help the weaker. We then would hear shots behind us." • Immediately after PH, the Japanese seize Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, Burma, Malaya, Borneo, Philippines (surrender April 9th) • Bataan “Death March” (42’) • 70,000 – 60 miles About ¼ died • Surrender forfeit rights • Hell ships "A Japanese soldier took my canteen, gave the water to a horse, and threw the canteen away,"

  3. Trying to Contain the Japanese • Doolittle’s Raid (April 18, 1942) • Landed in China, USSR and Japan • The Japanese people had been told they were invulnerable ... An attack on the Japanese homeland would cause confusion in the minds of the Japanese people and sow doubt about the reliability of their leaders. There was a second, and equally important, psychological reason for this attack ... Americans badly needed a morale boost. James Doolittle

  4. Battle of Coral Sea (May, 1942) • Japanese attempt to take ports New Guinea and Solomon Islands • Australia unable to help Allied • Aircraft carriers (equally matched) • Stopped for first time!

  5. Battle of Midway (June 3-6,42) • Turning point (cryptology) • JN-25 • Admiral Nimitz • Destroy 4 Japanese carriers, only lose 1 • Allied go on the offensive Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavy cruiser, 3 destroyers, some 275 planes, at least 4,800 men American losses included 1 carrier, the Yorktown, a destroyer, about 150 planes, and 307 men

  6. Fighting on the Islands • Guadalcanal – • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prM0ncSSTUg&feature=relmfu • fighting in the jungle • Every 2 killed in battle, 5 killed by disease • Foxholes/dugouts • Major supply problems

  7. Describe the war in the Pacific front from 1941-1943.During that same time on the European front: • The Atlantic (39’-43’/45’) • North Africa (40’-43’) • Campaign in Russia (41’-43’) • British focus on North Africa first… • America supports British campaign…

  8. North African Campaign

  9. North African Campaign • Why North Africa? • European controlled, Suez Canal, oil fields, link to raw materials Asia - MEDITERRANEAN • Italy invades Ethiopia 35’, Egypt allows England British in • Fighting in Morocco through Egypt • 1941 & 1942 – German offensives • Rommel, “the desert hawk” • British counter offensive – Oct 1942 – done by spring 43’ • 1/4 million surrender • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/wwtwo_map_n_africa/index_embed.shtml • Animation North Africa • http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2011/09/world-war-ii-the-north-african-campaign/100140/ • Images http://www.history.com/shows/wwii-in-hd/videos/north-africa-campaign#north-africa-campaign North Africa campaign – 1.5 min

  10. Moving up to Italy • Remove Mediterranean threat & take back parts of Europe (controversial) • June 43’ move into Sicily – take it in 43 days and move to the mainland • Operation “Mincemeat” • German losses not severe • Italian fascist regime fell rapidly • July 24, 1943, Mussolini = deposed and arrested – new gov’t helped allies • Sept 1943 move to the mainland • http://www.history.com/topics/italian-campaign/videos#allied-invasion-of-italy • Invasion of Italy • Hitler sends in 8 divisions – holds Rome • Bogs down allied forces • Not until June 4, 1944 capture Rome

  11. Hitler’s Campaign in Russia • Ironic bc….

  12. The War in Russia • May 15, 1941: Operation Barbossa • Hitler violated nonaggression pact and invaded the USSR • Soviet oil fields, living space (lebensraum) • SS to kill all Communists, “total disregard for human life” • Hitler ordered that Leningrad should “vanish from the surface of the earth” • So arrogant only gave summer gear

  13. Hubert Menzel (German-Army) • 'We knew that in two years' time, that is by the end of 1942, beginning of 1943, the English would be ready, the Americans would be ready, the Russians would be ready too, and then we would have to deal with all three of them at the same time.... We had to try to remove the greatest threat from the East.... At the time it seemed possible.'

  14. Leningrad Moscow Kiev Stalingrad

  15. Invasion began summer 41’ • N, Leningrad; C, Moscow, S, Kiev • One week into the German invasion, 150,000 Soviet soldiers were either dead or wounded • Stalin: no retreating, ordered deserters shot, 8,000 killed Moscow for “cowardness” , blame ethnic minorities, massive starvation • "My hands are done for, and have been ever since the beginning of December. The little finger of my left hand is missing and - what's even  worse - the three middle fingers of my right one are frozen. I can only hold my mug with my thumb and little finger. I'm pretty helpless; only when a man has lost any fingers does he see how much he needs then for the smallest jobs. The best thing I can do with the little finger is to shoot with it. My hands are finished." 43 below zero • Russians want help but allied powers bogged down in N. Africa then Italy

  16. Battle of Stalingrad • Spring of 1942 • 1,000 tons of bombs dropped • New policy – FIGHTING RETREAT!!! • Hand to hand combat • “I was like a beast. I wanted only one thing – to kill. You know how it looks when you squeeze a tomato and juice comes out? Well, it looked like that when I stabbed them. Blood everywhere. Every step in Stalingrad meant death. Death in our pockets. Death was walking with us”, Soviet General • Av. Life expectancy private soldier 24 hours! • Soviets lost 1.1 million • Stalin, at first, forbade evacuation of the city • Germans had to stop eastern offensive • Such huge losses

  17. Winter in Stalingrad

  18. Stalingrad – Hitler’s Big Mistake • "I was horrified when I saw the map. We're quite alone, without any help from outside. Hitler has left us in the lurch. Whether this letter gets away depends on whether we still hold the airfield. We are lying in the north of the city. The men in my unit already suspect the truth, but they aren't so exactly informed as I am. No, we are not going to be captured. When Stalingrad falls you will hear and read about it. Then you will know that I shall not return."Anonymous German soldier  • Psychological loss, man power loss, strategic loss • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6b1PNWqpbM • Images stalingrad • http://www.history.co.uk/explore-history/ww2/stalingrad/video.html;jsessionid=E5B94C334258967A0CEA989FF3798F88 • British propaganda video send support stanlingrad

  19. The Battle of the Atlantic

  20. By mid 1943…. Axis advances stopped Soviet Union pushing west from Poland Britain moving up from Italy Constant bombing of German cities & industrial installations destroy materials, demoralize population & get ready take back France - Force German air force protect Germany

  21. Winston Churchill once wrote that, '... the only thing that ever really frightened me during the war was the U-boat peril' War in Europe • Battle of the Atlantic – major threat to the allied powers • 1939-1945 • Britain needed tons of food & supplies imported • Sink 150 ships a month to starve the British • German wolf packs attack • Especially easy after France fell • German control until 43’, “happy time” • Sonar & convoys • http://sillysoft.net/plugins/images/WWII%20Europe.jpg U-boats succeeded in sinking three million tons of Allied shipping ...

  22. 1939 : 222 ships sunk (114 by submarine) • 1940 : 1059 ships sunk (471 by submarine) • 1941 : 1328 ships sunk (432 by submarine) • 1942 : 1661 ships sunk (1159 by submarine) • 1943 : 597 ships sunk (463 by submarine) • 1944 : 247 ships sunk (132 by submarine) • 1945 : 105 ships sunk (56 by submarine)

  23. http://www.cyberlearning-world.com/lessons/ushistory/ww2/europeantheater.htmhttp://www.cyberlearning-world.com/lessons/ushistory/ww2/europeantheater.htm

  24. Taking Back France: The Invasion of Normandy • June 6, 1944 – D Day • Gen’l Dwight D. Eisenhower • Air & amphibious (water) attack • Canadian, UK, Free French & US • Within a week coast taken back Ø60 mile stretch of beach Ø4,000 landing craft Ø600 warships Ø11,000 planes ØLargest land-sea-air operation in history http://www.history.com/videos/d-day-allied-invasion-at-normandy#d-day-allied-invasion-at-normandynews real video Normandy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPU4p7UQOtU Images Normandy • August 25, 1944 France liberated • French resistance movement • Luxembourg and Belgium next (by Sept) • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/battle-of-normandy-videos-playlist.htm#video-47114 • casualties

  25. Moving into Germany – Ending the War in Europe • Sept 1944 at Germany’s border • Ruhr valley goal – Siegfried Line • Oct 1944, Aachen • Heavy casualties • First German city taken • Continue moving east • Battle of Bulge , Dec 1944 • German offensive – Ardennes mountains • Germans were winning in the beginning • 120,000 Germans died (also lost 600 tanks and guns and 1,600 planes – leading to defeat)) • 80,000 Americans died • Soviets move west through Poland and storm Berlin, April 25, 1945 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6rjtFurTyv8 German • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCgc8hTlRbM British

  26. Planning the End in Europe • Feb 1945: Yalta Conference: d • Discuss post-war Europe

  27. April 12, 1945

  28. April 28, 1945: Mussolini killed • April 29, 1945: Hitler Married Eva Braun • April 30, 1945: Hitler & Eva commit suicide • Gunshot & cyanide • Bodies buried in the street • May 8, 1945: Unconditional Surrender • VE Day • Eisenhower accepts surrender

  29. The War in the Pacific Rages on…

  30. War in the Pacific: Island Hopping • Saipan** July 44’ 1 American for 7 Japanese • Island Hopping, Battle of Leyte Gulf • 3 battleships, 4 carriers, 10 cruisers, 9 destroyers • Kamikazi • Defensive war

  31. Jumping Around • Army (Macarthur) versus Navy (Nimitz) • Isolate Japan and cut off supplies • Naval Plan initiated • Bomb and then invade • More resistance than expected, reconnaissance problems • Fight till the death • “The great Marianas turkey shoot" • Saipan – June-July 44’ • Huge Japanese counter attacks - carriers • Base atomic bomb planes! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n79CRrEBCh0 • Intro island hopping

  32. Macarthur and the Philippines • Stop island hopping for a period • Outer islands first (Sept 44’ – East Indies as a base) • Oct – 44’ - Battle of Leyte Gulf • All 4 Japanese carriers destroyed – Navy should be finished! • Kamakazi – “divine wind” – better to die than live as a coward • Oct 25, 1944 – FIRST – US FLEET • Strap mines to body throw under tanks Dec 44’ - Luzon, Philippines –40,000 dead – OIL Blocked!!!!!! Japan starved fuel, food, raw materials Fighting continued until the Japanese surrender on August 15, 1945

  33. Closing in on the Homeland • Iwo Jima – Feb-March 45’ • About 600 miles Japan – base for bombers • Japanese technique no longer by shore – now inland • All Japanese (23,000 killed) except 1,00o POW • US 5,900 dead, 17,400 wounded Mt. Suribachi • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Y0gdFisD9k&feature=relmfu

  34. Fire Bombing of Tokyo – March 1945 • 2,000 tons over 48 hours • Fire – firestorm (windy) • Many Suffocated • 16 square miles around Tokyo destroyed • 80,000-130,000 killed • 100,000 injured • Women, children, elderly – men at war!

  35. Okinawa - April-June 1945 • 4 air bases • Thought 65,000 really 130,000 about 450,000 civilians • Kamikazis • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3Lbv0K8gCs • 300 miles away – war of attrition • 12,000 Americans died – 40% from kamikaze • Japanese lost 107,000 killed and 7,400 men taken prisoner

  36. Potsdam • July – August 1945 • Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Atlee) and Stalin met in Potsdam, Germany • Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazi regime • Division of Germany & Berlin • Call for unconditional surrender, “surrender or face prompt and utter destruction”

  37. War in the Pacific: Atomic Bomb • Einstein • Manhattan Project, Los Alamos • “Surrender or suffer prompt and utter destruction,” US & UK told to Japan • Oppenheimer said it reminded him of, Hindu holy text, the Bhagavad-Gita: “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.“ • Triniti test in New Mexico

  38. Dropping the bombs • August 6, 1945: A-bomb on Hiroshima • 140,000 • August 9, 1945: A-bomb on Nagasaki • 80,000

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